Presence of Strongyle Infection in Thoroughbred Horses of Punjab Province, Pakistan

Abstract

Strongyle infection among horses is complex and produces an inflammatory enteropathy resulting in impaired intestinal motility and microcirculation. In this study, presence of strongylosis was determined by fecal examination for nematode eggs in thoroughbred horses of Punjab Province, Pakistan. A cross sectional study was conducted from January to December 2017 in four districts of Punjab province namely Sahiwal, Lahore, Sargodha and Mandi Baha-ud-Din. A total of 2,400 fecal samples were collected from horses and examined by direct smear and floatation method. Presence was calculated according to region, month, season, age and gender. In addition, the effect of meteorological factors such as temperature, humidity and rainfall were also analyzed. The findings revealed that out of 2,400 samples, 973 (40.54%) were found positive for strongylosis. There was a statistically significant difference between seasons and months with disease occurrence. The parasite and host form an association to form an epidemiological danger. The existence and localization of this association must be recognized well in time to control the problem.

Investigation of Strongyle Prevalence and Associated Risk Factors in Horses in and around Alage District, Ethiopia

“…In contrast to our findings, [19,30] found statistically insignificant differences between age groups at p ≤ 0:05. The current study's findings support previous researchers' findings, which can be explained by the fact that younger animals may be more susceptible to Strongyle infestation than older animals.…”

“…In the current study, the infestation rate of Strongyle revealed that younger horses appeared to be more susceptible to the disease under study. The findings are consistent with those of [27][28][29] Researchers, on the other hand, investigated and reported that adult and older horses harbored more Strongylosis than young horses, as recognized by [15], in adults, while [30] recognize that in older horses. Both arguments run counter to the current outcome.…”

Shattered childhood: Experiences of polio survivors in Finland 1950s and 1960s

“…Based on the research participants' experiences, getting a diagnosis was difficult because, for many years, the mode of transmission of polio was not even widely understood. The symptoms were similar to those of an ordinary flu (Altenbaugh, 2006; Highley, 2016; Khan, 2010; Oshinsky, 2005; Trevelyan et al., 2005), and the doctors and nurses did not know what to do with the symptoms (Highley, 2016). In Finland, the polio epidemic occurred from the 1940s to the 1960s, which cast a shadow during World War II and, in turn, delayed the development of medical skills and the time for rebuilding Finland.…”

“…Polio has no medical cure, but it can be treated. Vaccination is the most effective means of prevention (Altenbaugh, 2015; Khan, 2010; Oshinsky, 2005; Trevelyan et al., 2005). Polio still occurs in some regions of Asia and Africa (World Health Organization, 2021).…”