Presence of serotonin in early chick embryos

Emanuelsson, Hadar; Carlberg, Mats; Löwkvist, Bertil

doi:10.1016/0045-6039(88)90050-4

Cited by 39 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…However, it has also been detected in very early embryos of sea-urchins, molluscs, starfish, frog, and chicken where it is suggested to have a 'pre-nervous' developmental role (Buznikov et al 1964, Burden & Lawrence 1973, Emanuelsson et al 1988. Consistent with this, many organisms have also been known to express serotonin receptors at very early stages in development (Shilling et al 1990, Krantic et al 1993a, 1993b, Vesela et al 2003.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 53%

“…Serotonin has been reported to be present in oocytes and embryos of a number of organisms using immunohistochemistry with anti-serotonin antibodies or by HPLC analysis of total cell extracts (Buznikov et al 1964, Burden & Lawrence 1973, Buznikov 1984, Emanuelsson et al 1988. Since these methods used fixed tissue/cells or cellular extracts, the possibility to observe dynamic changes in serotonin levels or distribution within cells through development is unavailable.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Serotonin in pre-implantation mouse embryos is localized to the mitochondria and can modulate mitochondrial potential

Basu¹,

Desai²,

Balaji³

et al. 2008

Reproduction

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Serotonin is reported to be present in early embryos of many species and plays an important role in early patterning. Since it is a fluorophore, it can be directly visualized using fluorescence microscopy. Here, we use three-photon microscopy to image serotonin in live pre-implantation mouse embryos. We find that it is present as puncta averaging 1.3 square microns and in concentrations as high as 442 mM. The observed serotonin puncta were found to co-localize with mitochondria. Live embryos pre-incubated with serotonin showed a higher mitochondrial potential, indicating that it can modulate mitochondrial potential. Pre-implantation mouse embryos were also examined at various developmental stages for the presence of transcripts of the peripheral and neuronal forms of tryptophan hydroxylase (Tph1 and Tph2 respectively) and the classical serotonin transporter (Slc6a4). Transcripts of Tph2 were seen in oocytes and in two-cell stages, whereas transcripts of Tph1 were not detected at any stage. Transcripts of the transporter, Slc6a4, were present in all pre-implantation stages investigated. These results suggest that serotonin in embryos can arise from a combination of synthesis and uptake from the surrounding milieu.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 53%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Serotonin in pre-implantation mouse embryos is localized to the mitochondria and can modulate mitochondrial potential

Basu¹,

Desai²,

Balaji³

et al. 2008

Reproduction

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“…In the developing heart, Yavarone et al (25) Evidence that 5-HT regulates craniofacial and cardiac development is consistent with studies by Buznikov and colleagues (26,27) using the sea urchin embryo, indicating that either 5-HT or a 5-HT-like substance is involved in early morphogenetic events, such as cleavage and gastrulation, prior to formation of the nervous system. Likewise, 5-HT has been implicated in gastrulation and neurulation during early avian development (28)(29)(30). The presence of 5-HT during gastrulation is particularly interesting with respect to NC cell migration, since both processes have been suggested to be pivotal for determination of the body plan (8), and in each case, an ectodermal layer undergoes transformation into a mesenchyme and then proceeds to migrate away from its site of origin.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Serotonin regulates mouse cranial neural crest migration.

Moiseiwitsch

Lauder

1995

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

182

110

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Serotonergic agents (uptake inhibitors, receptor ligands) cause significant craniofacial malformations in cultured mouse embryos suggesting that 5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin) (5-HT) may be an important regulator of craniofacial development. To determine whether serotonergic regulation of cell migration might underly some of these effects, cranial neural crest (NC) explants from embryonic day 9 (E9) (plug day = El) mouse embryos or dissociated mandibular mesenchyme cells (derived from NC) from E12 embryos were placed in a modified Boyden chamber to measure effects of serotonergic agents on cell migration. A dosedependent effect of 5-HT on the migration of highly motile cranial NC cells was demonstrated, such that low concentrations of 5-HT stimulated migration, whereas this effect was progressively lost as the dose of 5-HT was increased. The cranial neural crest (NC) gives rise to most of the mesenchyme (also known as ectomesenchyme) of the craniofacial region (1, 2) and contributes to the endocardial cushions of the heart (3, 4). In the mouse, NC cells start to emerge from the lateral borders of the neuroepithelium or neural folds during early stages of neurulation (5, 6). Although a passive distribution of cranial NC in the mouse has been suggested (7), there is evidence that these cells actively migrate toward the developing pharyngeal arches and frontonasal process (8). Here, they differentiate into mesenchymal derivatives, such as bone, cartilage, dentin, and dental pulp (2,3,5).A number of different signals have been implicated in stimulation and guidance of NC migration, including growth factors, extracellular matrix (ECM) molecules, and their receptors. Using the chick as an experimental model, BronnerFraser and others have investigated the involvement of several ECM molecules in NC migration, including tenascin, fibronectin, laminin, and several types of collagen, as well as integrins, which act as receptors for some of these molecules (see ref. 9 for review). From these studies it is apparent that many of these actions are mediated by ,1 integrin subunits that are expressed on the cell surface of migrating NC.Although less well studied, humoral factors may also regulate or modulate NC migration. Increasing evidence suggests that blood-borne factors, in particular neurotransmitters, may play important roles in the development of craniofacial structures and endocardial cushions of the heart. Specifically, 5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin) (5-HT), which appears to reach the mouse embryo from maternal sources (10), has been shown to influence development of craniofacial and cardiac mesenchyme in a dose-dependent manner (11). By employing mouse whole-embryo culture (WEC) (12), Lauder and colleagues (13-15) demonstrated the transient expression of low-affinity sites for 5-HT uptake and degradation in developing craniofacial epithelia that exhibited a striking spatiotemporal correlation with key morphogenic events in this region. Recently, the 5-HT uptake transporter has been localized in developing cr...

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“…The earliest melatonin synthesis was detected in pineal cells isolated from 10-and 13-days old chick embryos (Akasaka et al, 1995;Moller and Moller, 1990), and this corresponds to the stage when the embryonic pineal gland acquires its vesicular structure (Jove et al, 1999). The presence of serotonin -the substrate of melatonin synthesis -in chicken yolk has been reported previously (Emmanuelsson et al, 1988;Moudgal et al, 1992). We found that melatonin is present in quail yolk and albumen (67.5 pg/g and 22 pg/g, respectively), reaching the level of ~415 pg per egg (Olszanska et al, 2007).…”

Section: Presence and Possible Role Of Serotonin And Melatonin In Earmentioning

confidence: 79%

Molecular aspects of avian oogenesis and fertilisation

Olszańska¹,

Stępińska²

2008

Int. J. Dev. Biol.

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In this paper, we summarise studies which have been carried out on the metabolism of nucleic acids (maternal RNA, DNA, nucleolytic enzymes) in avian oocytes and embryos (Japanese quail, Coturnix coturnix japonica ) within the last 10 years in the Institute of Genetics and Animal Breeding of the Polish Academy of Sciences. The accumulation of maternal RNA in the quail oocyte during oogenesis is shown and discussed. Several individual transcripts were identified in RNA from the germinal disc and some also in extraembryonic RNA under the perivitelline membrane. The presence of the transcript encoding chick zona pellucida C protein (chZPC) points to the possibility of ZPC synthesis by the oocyte itself. The transcript encoding AA-NAT (arylalkylamine N-acetyltransferase, the penultimate enzyme in melatonin synthesis) was present in 2 forms (with and without an intron) and the ratio of the two forms changes during oogenesis. Melatonin and the two enzymes engaged in its synthesis (AA-NAT and HIOMT) have been found in the egg yolk; their transcripts and the transcripts of the melatonin receptors mel1a,b and c are present in RNA from the germinal discs. This suggests a possible role for melatonin in early avian development. DNases I and II activity has been detected in the germinal disc and the cytoplasmic layer under the perivitelline membrane. We propose that they participate in degradation of supernumerary sperm entering avian oocytes during polyspermic fertilisation. A hypothesis to explain the selection of a single sperm participating in the formation of the zygotic nucleus is discussed; we propose that sperm entry into the centre of the germinal disc is the essential event underlying the selection mechanism.

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Presence of serotonin in early chick embryos

Cited by 39 publications

References 15 publications

Serotonin in pre-implantation mouse embryos is localized to the mitochondria and can modulate mitochondrial potential

Serotonin in pre-implantation mouse embryos is localized to the mitochondria and can modulate mitochondrial potential

Serotonin regulates mouse cranial neural crest migration.

Molecular aspects of avian oogenesis and fertilisation

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