Presence of Prepackaged mRNA in Virions of DNA Adenovirus

Chung, Siu-Wah; Arnott, John A.; Yang, Yizeng; Wong, Pierre

doi:10.1074/jbc.m309945200

Cited by 8 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Here we further show that all viral RNAs, except one, were packaged inside the Sputnik virions. This phenomenon has also been observed among Herpesviruses [18,19] , Adenoviruses [20][21][22] and Mimivirus [2] . As for Adenoviruses [21] , the packaging of RNAs into the Sputnik particle was not selective since almost all of the RNAs were detected in the virions.…”

Section: Sputnik Virophagementioning

confidence: 79%

Inside the Lifestyle of the Virophage

Desnues

Raoult

2010

Intervirology

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Objective(s): We sought to better characterize Sputnik, the first isolated virophage, and to analyze its parasitic lifestyle during co-infection with Marseillevirus (a new giant virus) in Acanthamoeba castellanii. Methods: A combination of electron microscopy, immunofluorescence microscopy, and real-time PCR was used to characterize the kinetics of the viral replication cycle. RT-PCR was performed to detect RNAs inside the Sputnik virions. Results: Sputnik is a new viral entity carrying an almost complete ready-to-use set of viral RNAs (20 out of 21). Sputnik does not replicate with Marseillevirus but delays its replication cycle. While Marseillevirus is successfully internalized by A. castellanii following co-infections with Mamavirus and Sputnik, it does not initiate a replication cycle. In contrast, both Marseillevirus and Mamavirus can replicate in the amoeba in case of co-infection, but the development of one is exclusive from the other inside a single amoeba cell. Conclusions: This work provides new insight into the Sputnik replication cycle with another giant virus and confirms that Sputnik is a virophage. It shows new dimensions of the interactions existing among giant viruses.

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Section: Sputnik Virophagementioning

confidence: 79%

Inside the Lifestyle of the Virophage

Desnues

Raoult

2010

Intervirology

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“…Many viral classification systems have been set up based on the viral genome content and other viral characteristics, e.g., the famous Baltimore classification system, which is based on viral genetic contents and their strategy of replication. The discovery of many RNA species in a group of DNA virus particles has redefined this consensus (3,6,9,10,13,15,36,38,40,48). These discoveries have opened up a new avenue of DNA virus biology, particularly herpesvirus biology.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

MicroRNAs and Unusual Small RNAs Discovered in Kaposi's Sarcoma-Associated Herpesvirus Virions

Lin

Liang

et al. 2012

J Virol

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It is widely held that any given virus uses only one type of nucleic acid for genetic information storage. However, this consensus has been challenged slightly by several recent studies showing that many RNA species are present within a range of DNA viruses that include Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV). RNAs extracted from purified DNA virus particles exhibit great diversity in terms of length, abundance, temporal expression, cellular localization, and coding capacity during viral infection. In addition to known RNA species, the current study showed that small regulatory RNAs were present in KSHV virions. A large number of viral and cellular microRNAs (miRNAs), as well as unusual small RNAs (usRNAs), were detected in KSHV virions by using deep sequencing. Both viral and host miRNAs detected in small RNAs extracted from KSHV virions were further shown to colocalize with KSHV virions directly by in situ hybridization (ISH)-electron microscopy (EM) (ISH-EM). Some of these miRNAs were differentially present in the host cells and KSHV virions, suggesting that they are not randomly present in KSHV virions. The virional miRNAs could be transported into host cells, and they are biologically functional during de novo viral infection. Our study revealed miRNAs and usRNAs as a novel group of components in KSHV virions.

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“…Exhibition of rapid biological effects as a result of adenoviral transfer of RanC/d has attracted a lot of our attention as it may have great potential to treat septic shock, which is really an excessive host innate inflammatory response induced by one or more invading pathogens. Along this line, we have recently found out that such rapid response could be explained by the fact that pre-package viral mRNA is present in virions of DNA adenovirus (32). After internalization, together with viral genome uncoating and budding away from endosome into cytoplasm of the host cell, the presence of pre-packaged viral mRNA would certainly be effective in immediately offering itself as a template for protein synthesis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The adenovirus vectors Ad-LacZ, Ad-Ran C/d and Ad-Ran T/n were prepared using a large-scale stock preparation as described (2,11,32). The titer was determined using cytopathic effects assay, plaque assay and absorbance at 260nm (OD 260 ).…”

Section: Adenovirus Vector Construction Propagation and Titer Determmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic immune modulation of Ran GTPase against different microbial pathogens

Chung¹

2004

Front Biosci

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Septic shock characterized by pro-inflammatory cytokine storm can be induced by a variety of microbial infections. Typical pro-inflammatory cytokines include TNFalpha, IL1 and IL6. Although one or more of them is often expressed in any given microbial infection, usually it is the elevation of one cytokine that becomes predominant at a particular time in a given infection. Here we showed that administration of adenoviral antigens alone led to a predominant elevation of serum IL6 but not TNFalpha Administration of endotoxin together with adenoviral antigens led to elevation of both serum IL6 and TNFalpha. In vivo expression of RanC/d, but not RanT/n or LacZ into peritoneal macrophages rapidly down-modulated the levels of these cytokines in both experimental situations. It also correlated with reduced liver inflammatory damage and increased resistance to septic shock. We conclude that RanC/d can be applied to down-modulating production of cytokines induced by microbial products other than endotoxin and to render resistance to mice against septic shock induced by one or more microbial pathogens. The ability of using RanC/d to down-modulate and RanT/n to up regulate host innate immune response induced by multiple microbial pathogens is illustrated in this study. Incorporation of either or both RanC/d and RanT/n alleles into appropriate vectors will produce genetics vaccines valuable for biodefense and medically important illness in which host immune system against invading agents is severely burdened.

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Presence of Prepackaged mRNA in Virions of DNA Adenovirus

Cited by 8 publications

References 28 publications

Inside the Lifestyle of the Virophage

Inside the Lifestyle of the Virophage

MicroRNAs and Unusual Small RNAs Discovered in Kaposi's Sarcoma-Associated Herpesvirus Virions

Genetic immune modulation of Ran GTPase against different microbial pathogens

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