Presence of parabens in children’s faeces. Optimization and validation of a new analytical method based on the use of ultrasound-assisted extraction and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry

Urinary and Fecal Excretion of 121 Environmental Chemicals in Pet Dogs and Cats: Significance of Feces in Biomonitoring of Exposures

“…In contrast, these chemicals were found at higher DFs and concentrations in feces (median: 2.75 – 22.0 and 2.87–27.0 ng/g ww in dog and cat feces, respectively) (Table S8), which suggested that fecal elimination is also an important route of excretion of these chemicals. The concentrations of MeP, EtP, and PrP measured in our study (mean: 9.96 – 79.6 and 6.37–51.0 ng/g dw in dog and cat feces, respectively) were similar to those measured in children’s feces (mean: 2.95–102 ng/g dw) . The median concentrations of MeP and PrP in dog urine (0.84 and 0.04 μg/g creatinine, respectively) were 34 and 79 times lower than those reported for human urine from the United States (28.8 and 3.17 μg/g creatinine, respectively) (Figure ), which can be explained by the use of cosmetics by humans.…”

“…The concentrations of MeP, EtP, and PrP measured in our study (mean: 9.96−79.6 and 6.37−51.0 ng/g dw in dog and cat feces, respectively) were similar to those measured in children's feces (mean: 2.95−102 ng/g dw). 21 The median concentrations of MeP and PrP in dog urine (0.84 and 0.04 μg/g creatinine, respectively) were 34 and 79 times lower than those reported for human urine from the United States (28.8 and 3.17 μg/g creatinine, respectively) (Figure 3), which can be explained by the use of cosmetics by humans.…”

“…19 Another study from Spain found methylparaben (MeP), ethylparaben (EtP), and propylparaben (PrP) in children's feces at average concentrations in the range of 2.95−102 ng/g. 21 Nevertheless, the significance of feces as a matrix for the assessment of exposure to a broader range of environmental chemicals remains less-known.…”

“…Studies from the United States and China reported frequent detection of phthalate metabolites in meconium , and suggested that meconium is an important matrix for determining in utero exposure in newborns . Another study from Spain found methylparaben (MeP), ethylparaben (EtP), and propylparaben (PrP) in children’s feces at average concentrations in the range of 2.95–102 ng/g . Nevertheless, the significance of feces as a matrix for the assessment of exposure to a broader range of environmental chemicals remains less-known.…”