“…Among all major crop diseases, 70-80% are caused by pathogenic fungi, and viruses, bacteria and oomycetes account for the remainder ( Li et al, 2017 ; Peng et al, 2021 ). In sugarcane, more than 240 diseases have been described, among which red rot and Fusarium stem rot, leaf scald, ratoon stunting, mosaic, red streak, brown spot, brown rust and orange rust are the main concerns in Brazil ( Saumtally et al, 2000 ; Cheavegatti-Gianotto et al, 2011 ; Gonçalves et al, 2012 ; Srivastava and Rai, 2012 ; Chaves et al, 2013 ; Morais et al, 2015 ; Sharma et al, 2017 ; Urashima et al, 2017 ; Borella et al, 2021 ; Costa et al, 2021 ). Some diseases may also involve multiple organisms as part of a complex multitrophic system, which will be further investigated in this review.…”