Abstract:Trace levels of three organophosphate insecticides (OPI) were detected in eight fish species from the region of Santarém, State of Pará, Brazil. Individual concentrations of OPI in fish ranged from less than the detection limit to 2,1 ppb. Mean concentrations of chlorpyrifos, malathion, and methyl-parathion were 0,3 ± 0,3, 0,1 ± 0,1, and 0,3 ± 0,3 ppb, respectively. Pellona flavipinnis, the largest and fattest piscivorous species analyzed, was the most contaminated. Since an inhabitant of this Amazonian region… Show more
“…The results of Malathion in Tilapia from EL-Bagoria canal and from EL-Menofi drainage were higher than that detected by Soumis et al (2003) and (Yahia & EL-Sharkawy, 2014).…”
A total 45 fish samples (Tilapia, Claris) were collected from EL-Bagoria, EL-Menofi drainage and Bahr Shibin for detection and determination of organophosphorus pesticides (diazinon, Malathion and chlorpyrifos). Organophosphorus pesticides could not be detected in Bahr Shibin. No diazinon in Tilapia from EL-Bagoria but mean value of of Malathion 5.50±2.0, chlorpyrifos 5.0±1.66 but from EL-Menofi drainage mean level of diazinon 3.33±0.65, Malathion 4.98±1.22 and chlorpyrifos3.0±0.71 but in Claris samples, there were no diazinon, no Malathion, no chlorpyrifos from EL-Bagoria canal but from EL-Menofi drainage, mean value of diazinon 6.8±1.42, Malathion 4.64±0.81 and chlorpyrifos4.0±0.96. Pesticides are one the main contaminant of water sources which are considered the natural environment of fish. on the other hand, fish could be contaminated by pesticides either directly by gills breathing or indirectly through contamination of feeding items, so it is very important to analyze fish samples to detect to what extent the rate of accumulation of pesticides residues in fish flesh and organs.
“…The results of Malathion in Tilapia from EL-Bagoria canal and from EL-Menofi drainage were higher than that detected by Soumis et al (2003) and (Yahia & EL-Sharkawy, 2014).…”
A total 45 fish samples (Tilapia, Claris) were collected from EL-Bagoria, EL-Menofi drainage and Bahr Shibin for detection and determination of organophosphorus pesticides (diazinon, Malathion and chlorpyrifos). Organophosphorus pesticides could not be detected in Bahr Shibin. No diazinon in Tilapia from EL-Bagoria but mean value of of Malathion 5.50±2.0, chlorpyrifos 5.0±1.66 but from EL-Menofi drainage mean level of diazinon 3.33±0.65, Malathion 4.98±1.22 and chlorpyrifos3.0±0.71 but in Claris samples, there were no diazinon, no Malathion, no chlorpyrifos from EL-Bagoria canal but from EL-Menofi drainage, mean value of diazinon 6.8±1.42, Malathion 4.64±0.81 and chlorpyrifos4.0±0.96. Pesticides are one the main contaminant of water sources which are considered the natural environment of fish. on the other hand, fish could be contaminated by pesticides either directly by gills breathing or indirectly through contamination of feeding items, so it is very important to analyze fish samples to detect to what extent the rate of accumulation of pesticides residues in fish flesh and organs.
“…from the same area of Bizerte lagoon, Tunisia, and in fish (144 pg/day) from Japan (Kakimoto et al, 2012). Finally, our dietary intake for OPFRs was 2,070 ng/day, a value higher than that obtained by Soumis et al (2003) in fish from Amazon River (990 ng/day). The RfD is an estimate dose of a daily exposure to the human population that is likely to be without an appreciable risk of deleterious effects, and it is expressed in mg/kg/day units.…”
Section: Risk Assessment Of Human Exposurementioning
Contamination by classic (polybromodiphenyl ethers, PBDEs) and emerging halogenated flame retardants (HFRs) like pentabromobenzene (PBEB), hexabromobenzene (HBB), decabromodiphenyl ethane (DBDPE), and halogenated norbornenes (HNs), as well as organophosphate flame retardants (OPFRs) were investigated in sediment and eel (Anguilla Anguilla) samples from Bizerte Lagoon, northern Tunisia. For sediment samples, HFR levels ranged from 3.30 to 28.5 ng/g dry weight (dw), with a mean value of 10.6 ± 4.36 ng/g dw, while OPFR levels ranged between 9.77 and 164 ng/g dw, with a mean value of 53.6 ± 10.5 ng/g dw. As regards levels in fish, concentration of HFRs ranged between 4.72 and 151 ng/g lipid weight (lw) (mean value of 36.5 ± 28.5 ng/g lw), and OPFR levels ranged between 19.7 and 2,154 ng/g lw (mean value of 404 ± 367 ng/g lw). This is the first time that OPFR levels have been reporting in this area, being higher than those for HFRs. Statistical analysis of the relationship between OPFR and HFR concentrations in sediment and total organic carbon (TOC) was examined. Results suggested that OPFR levels were significantly correlated with TOC, whereas no correlation was found for HFRs and TOC. The health risk associated by the consumption of eel in Bizerte city was assessed and posed no threat to public health concerning PBDE and OPFR intakes.
“…In addition, the GBH is used directly in water bodies to control aquatic macrophytes. Even TBF and ABH, which are not used directly in water, can easily reach the water bodies in small concentrations as a result of leaching by rain or as a result of accidents (Soumis et al 2003) causing harmful effects to fish. In addition, aquatic organisms may be exposed to accidental spills of pollutants, incorrect discharges of substances or contaminants already present in the water.…”
In agriculture intensive areas, fishponds and natural water bodies located in close proximity to these fields receive water with variable amounts of agrichemicals. Consequently, toxic compounds reach nontarget organisms. For instance, aquatic organisms can be exposed to tebuconazole-based fungicides (TBF), glyphosate-based herbicides (GBH), and atrazine-based herbicides (ABH) that are potentially dangerous, which motivates the following question: Are these agrichemicals attractant or aversive to fish? To answer this question, adult zebrafish were tested in a chamber that allows fish to escape from or seek a lane of contaminated water. This attraction and aversion paradigm was evaluated with zebrafish in the presence of an acute contamination with these compounds. We showed that only GBH was aversive to fish, whereas ABH and TBF caused neither attraction nor aversion for zebrafish. Thus, these chemicals do not impose an extra toxic risk by being an attractant for fish, although TBF and ABH can be more deleterious, because they induce no aversive response. Because the uptake and bioaccumulation of chemicals in fish seems to be time- and dose-dependent, a fish that remains longer in the presence of these substances tends to absorb higher concentrations than one that escapes from contaminated sites.
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