Presence of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus in Pigs in Peru

Arriola, Carmen Sofia; Güere, Mariella Evelyn; Larsen, Jesper; Skov, Robert; Gilman, Robert H.; González, Armando E.; Silbergeld, Ellen K.

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0028529

Cited by 28 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Most studies reported asymptomatic carriage of MRSA among pigs, in which CC398 appeared as dominant MRSA lineage, particularly in Europe. Currently, MRSA CC398 has been recognized in pigs or on pig farms in 18 European countries [European Food Safety Authority (EFSA), 2009; Huber et al, 2010; Habrun et al, 2011; Overesch et al, 2011], on the American continent in Canada (Khanna et al, 2008), the USA (Smith et al, 2009; Molla et al, 2012; Osadebe et al, 2012; O’Brien et al, 2012) and Peru (Arriola et al, 2011), and also in Asia, including Singapore (Sergio et al, 2007), China (Wagenaar et al, 2009), and Korea (Lim et al, 2012). Furthermore, a wide variety of non-CC398 MRSA types have been identified in pigs or on pig farms (Table 1).…”

Section: Occurrence Distribution and Health Impact Of La-mrsa In Pimentioning

confidence: 99%

Transmission Dynamics of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus in Pigs

Crombé¹,

Argudín²,

Vanderhaeghen³

et al. 2013

Front. Microbiol.

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From the mid-2000s on, numerous studies have shown that methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), renowned as human pathogen, has a reservoir in pigs and other livestock. In Europe and North America, clonal complex (CC) 398 appears to be the predominant lineage involved. Especially worrisome is its capacity to contaminate humans in close contact with affected animals. Indeed, the typical multi-resistant phenotype of MRSA CC398 and its observed ability of easily acquiring genetic material suggests that MRSA CC398 strains with an increased virulence potential may emerge, for which few therapeutic options would remain. This questions the need to implement interventions to control the presence and spread of MRSA CC398 among pigs. MRSA CC398 shows a high but not fully understood transmission potential in the pig population and is able to persist within that population. Although direct contact is probably the main route for MRSA transmission between pigs, also environmental contamination, the presence of other livestock, the herd size, and farm management are factors that may be involved in the dissemination of MRSA CC398. The current review aims at summarizing the research that has so far been done on the transmission dynamics and risk factors for introduction and persistence of MRSA CC398 in farms.

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Section: Occurrence Distribution and Health Impact Of La-mrsa In Pimentioning

confidence: 99%

Transmission Dynamics of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus in Pigs

Crombé¹,

Argudín²,

Vanderhaeghen³

et al. 2013

Front. Microbiol.

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“…CC398 MRSA has initially been described among livestock-associated MRSA (LA-MRSA) in Europe ( Armand-Lefevre et al 2005 ) and has now been detected in different continents from Oceania ( Williamson et al 2013 ) to South America (Peru) ( Arriola et al 2011 ). More importantly, infections by CC398 have been reported in humans ( Armand-Lefevre et al 2005 , Krziwanek et al 2009 ).…”

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The multifaceted resources and microevolution of the successful human and animal pathogen methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus

Figueiredo

Ferreira

2014

Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz

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Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is one of the most important bacterial pathogens based on its incidence and the severity of its associated infections. In addition, severe MRSA infections can occur in hospitalised patients or healthy individuals from the community. Studies have shown the infiltration of MRSA isolates of community origin into hospitals and variants of hospital-associated MRSA have caused infections in the community. These rapid epidemiological changes represent a challenge for the molecular characterisation of such bacteria as a hospital or community-acquired pathogen. To efficiently control the spread of MRSA, it is important to promptly detect the mecA gene, which is the determinant of methicillin resistance, using a polymerase chain reaction-based test or other rapidly and accurate methods that detect the mecA product penicillin-binding protein (PBP)2a or PBP2’. The recent emergence of MRSA isolates that harbour a mecA allotype, i.e., the mecC gene, infecting animals and humans has raised an additional and significant issue regarding MRSA laboratory detection. Antimicrobial drugs for MRSA therapy are becoming depleted and vancomycin is still the main choice in many cases. In this review, we present an overview of MRSA infections in community and healthcare settings with focus on recent changes in the global epidemiology, with special reference to the MRSA picture in Brazil.

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“…Recognized first in Europe (2-9), ST398 MRSA has been isolated in the United States (10), Canada (11), and Latin America (12). ST398 methicillin-susceptible S. aureus (MSSA) isolates have been recovered from pigs (13), humans (14)(15)(16)(17), and retail meat (18).…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Among ST398 MRSA, ST398/t571 MRSA isolates have been isolated rarely in studies of humans (5, 9, 51-56) or livestock (2, 3, 6, 11, 57), although they were common in an animal study from Peru (12).…”

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Asymptomatic Carriage of Sequence Type 398, spa Type t571 Methicillin-Susceptible Staphylococcus aureus in an Urban Jail: a Newly Emerging, Transmissible Pathogenic Strain

et al. 2013

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Sequence type 398 (ST398) Staphylococcus aureus, frequently carried by livestock, has caused severe human infections and often carries transmissible antibiotic resistance genes. Among methicillin-susceptible S. aureus isolates colonizing Dallas County Jail detainees, 13.2% were ST398, spa type t571, and were genetically similar to human colonization isolates from New York, Chicago, and the Dominican Republic. Sequence type 398 (ST398) methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is often transmitted among livestock and animal handlers but is uncommonly associated with human disease in the United States (1). We unexpectedly identified ST398/t571 methicillin-sensitive S. aureus (MSSA) as the most common genetic background among MSSA isolates colonizing detainees in the Dallas County Jail. In this study, we compared the pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) pulsotypes of isolates from the Dallas jail and from a single patient in Chicago with those of strains isolated in previous studies.Recognized first in Europe (2-9), ST398 MRSA has been isolated in the United States (10), Canada (11), and Latin America (12). ST398 methicillin-susceptible S. aureus (MSSA) isolates have been recovered from pigs (13), humans (14-17), and retail meat (18). Asymptomatic human colonization and infection with ST398 MSSA are rare in the United In January 2009, we screened the anterior nares and the hands of 928 detainees, housed in 68 divisions, called tanks, in the Dallas County Jail, for S. aureus carriage. Tanks had a capacity of 24 to 36 detainees. Detainees can interact with others within a single tank but have little interaction with those in other tanks. The study was approved by the Institutional Review Boards at the University of Chicago Medical Center and the University of Texas-Southwestern Medical Center. Recovered MSSA isolates were genotyped from subjects housed in a stratified random sample of 26 of the 68 tanks; all MRSA isolates were genotyped.In a separate study of S. aureus colonization among patients and household contacts (24), we also identified one patient in Chicago with ST398/t571 MSSA colonization.Multilocus sequence typing (MLST) (25), spa typing (26), PCR for the Panton-Valentine leukocidin (PVL) genes (27), and PFGE using Cfr9I digestion (22, 28) were performed. Antimicrobial susceptibilities were determined by automated testing (29).Among the 345 subjects in the 26 selected tanks, 110 (31.9%) carried MSSA. Of 158 MSSA isolates identified, 152 were available, and 34 MLST types were identified. Twenty isolates (13%) were ST398, the most common ST; all lacked PVL genes. Of the 345 subjects, the 16 (4.6%) who carried the 20 ST398 MSSA isolates were more likely than carriers of other MSSA genetic backgrounds to be female (P ϭ 0.0009) and older (P ϭ 0.01) ( Table 1).Among the 20 ST398 isolates, 18 were susceptible to ciprofloxacin, gentamicin, rifampin, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole and resistant to clindamycin and erythromycin. The two other isolates differed in that one was susceptible to clindamyc...

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Presence of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus in Pigs in Peru

Cited by 28 publications

References 19 publications

Transmission Dynamics of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus in Pigs

Transmission Dynamics of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus in Pigs

The multifaceted resources and microevolution of the successful human and animal pathogen methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus

Asymptomatic Carriage of Sequence Type 398, spa Type t571 Methicillin-Susceptible Staphylococcus aureus in an Urban Jail: a Newly Emerging, Transmissible Pathogenic Strain

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