Presence of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Type 1 and HIV-1-Specific Antibodies in Cervicovaginal Secretions of Infected Mothers and in the Gastric Aspirates of their Infants

Nielsen, Karin; Boyer, Pamela; Dillon, Maryanne; Wafer, Deborah; Wei, Lian S.; Garratty, Eileen; Dickover, Ruth; Bryson, Yvonne J.

doi:10.1093/infdis/173.4.1001

Cited by 56 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…It has been suggested that maternal neutralizing antibody is important in preventing perinatal HIV transmission [3]. One study with a small sample reported detection of HIV sIgA from women from whom HIV could be isolated in cervicovaginal secretions, a finding that suggested that the antibody was not neutralizing the virus [17]. Our finding that there was no difference in HIV antibody titers in plasma or CVL samples or in frequency of antibody detection in plasma and CVL samples between women who transmitted and women who did not transmit may be explained by a lack of substantial in vivo neutralization.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The presence of IgG and IgA antibody to HIV in cervicovaginal secretions of HIV-infected women has been reported in several studies [12][13][14][15][16][17][18]. However, the rates of antibody detection differ, and the relationship of antibody to HIV level and perinatal transmission has not been well characterized.…”

Section: Lack Of Association Between Human Immunodeficiency Virus Typmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In one study, HIV-specific secretory IgA (sIgA) in CVL specimens was associated with increased risk for perinatal transmission [16]. Another study suggested that mucosal HIV sIgA did not totally neutralize virus in culture and was not associated with transmission [17]. We conducted this study of HIV-infected pregnant women to determine whether HIV-specific antibody in CVL specimens was associated with plasma antibody, HIV RNA levels in CVL specimens, antenatal zidovudine treatment, and risk for perinatal transmission.…”

Section: Lack Of Association Between Human Immunodeficiency Virus Typmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Lack of Association between Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Antibody in Cervicovaginal Lavage Fluid and Plasma and Perinatal Transmission, in Thailand

Chuachoowong¹,

Shaffer²,

VanCott³

et al. 2000

J INFECT DIS

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To determine the association between human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV)-specific antibody and RNA levels in cervicovaginal lavage (CVL) samples and plasma, zidovudine treatment, and perinatal transmission, HIV subtype E gp160-specific IgG and IgA were serially measured in a subset of 74 HIV-infected women in a placebo-controlled trial of zidovudine, beginning at 36 weeks of gestation. HIV IgG was detected in 100% of plasma and 97% of CVL samples; HIV IgA was consistently detected in 62% of plasma and 31% of CVL samples. Antibody titers in CVL samples correlated better with the RNA level in CVL samples than with plasma antibody titers. Zidovudine did not affect antibody titers. Perinatal HIV transmission was not associated with antibody in CVL samples or plasma. HIV-specific antibody is present in the cervicovaginal canal of HIV-infected pregnant women; its correlation with the RNA level in CVL fluid suggests local antibody production. However, there was no evidence that these antibodies protected against perinatal HIV transmission.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Lack Of Association Between Human Immunodeficiency Virus Typmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Lack Of Association Between Human Immunodeficiency Virus Typmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Lack of Association between Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Antibody in Cervicovaginal Lavage Fluid and Plasma and Perinatal Transmission, in Thailand

Chuachoowong¹,

Shaffer²,

VanCott³

et al. 2000

J INFECT DIS

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“…Formal analyses of the contribution to protection against pre-or peripartum maternalchild transmission by serum antibodies of various titers, specificities (e.g., gp120, its V3 loop, or segments of gp41), or neutralizing activities have shown conflicting results [12]. The presence of cervical HIV-1-specific IgA was not associated with protection from infection at birth, and gastric exposure to HIV-1 may have predisposed the infants to infection [13]. Van de Perre et al [14] suggested that the absence of HIV-1-specific IgM in breast milk was associated with an increased rate of transmission to breast-fed infants, but direct functional activity was not examined.…”

Section: Presence and Function Of Hiv-1-reactive Antibodiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 and Mucosal Humoral Defense

et al. 1999

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Mucosal sites serve as the principle venues through which primary human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infections are transferred from donor to host. These moist tissues, which provide the interface with the external environment, also provide access to many of the secondary opportunistic infections that aggravate and may accelerate HIV-1 disease. Antibodies to HIV-1, particularly of the IgG rather than the IgA class, have been detected in virtually all mucosal fluids from HIV-1-infected patients. However, the ability of such patients to generate de novo humoral responses to new mucosal pathogens is impaired. Current studies are directed to characterizing the functional role of natural and infection-derived antibodies in control of HIV-1 infection as well as the impact of HIV-1 disease on mucosal B cell responses to immunization and infection.

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“…Shannon entropy is a measure of signal distribution or spread in each gel lane and is used to derive a quantitative measure of genetic diversity (7,10,11,33,35). Signal distributions were measured using the Molecular Dynamics Imagequant program, and the signal background was set as the average intensity of the top 10 pixels in each lane.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Population Genetic Analysis of the Protease Locus of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Quasispecies Undergoing Drug Selection, Using a Denaturing Gradient-Heteroduplex Tracking Assay

Doukhan

Delwart

2001

J Virol

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Monitoring the evolution of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) drug resistance requires measuring the frequency of closely related genetic variants making up the complex viral quasispecies found in vivo. In order to resolve both major and minor (>2%) protease gene variants differing by one or more nucleotide substitutions, we analyzed PCR products derived from plasma viral quasispecies by using a combination of denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis and DNA heteroduplex tracking assays. Correct population sampling of the high level of genetic diversity present within viral quasispecies could be documented by parallel analysis of duplicate, independently generated PCR products. The composition of genetically complex protease gene quasispecies remained constant over short periods of time in the absence of treatment and while plasma viremia fell >100-fold following the initiation of protease inhibitor ritonavir monotherapy. Within a month of initiating therapy, a strong reduction in the genetic diversity of plasma viral populations at the selected protease locus was associated with rising plasma viremia and the emergence of drug resistance. The high levels of protease genetic diversity seen before treatment reemerged only months later. In one patient, reduction in genetic diversity at the protease gene was observed concomitantly with an increase in diversity at the envelope gene (E. L. Delwart, P. Heng, A. Neumann, and M. Markowitz, J. Virol. 72:2416-2421, 1998), indicating that opposite population genetic changes can take place in different HIV-1 loci. The rapid emergence of drugresistant HIV-1 was therefore associated with a strong, although only transient, reduction in genetic diversity at the selected locus. The denaturing gradient-heteroduplex tracking assay is a simple method for the separation and quantitation of very closely related, low-frequency, genetic variants within complex viral populations.The short generation time, high mutation rate, and large population size of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) make it one of the fastest evolving viruses known (2, 3). Genetically complex HIV-1 quasispecies rapidly evolve following generally clonal primary infection in men (7,25,46,49,50). In women, heterosexually acquired HIV-1 appears more genetically diverse than in men (23). In the absence of selection, drug-resistant mutants are expected to be of lower replicative fitness than wild-type viruses and therefore are only expected and actually detected as minority variants (2, 3, 19, 31). Antiviral drug selection can then rapidly drive such mutants into the majority. The analysis of HIV-1 quasispecies in vivo is needed to improve our understanding of the complex viral population changes associated with such rapid evolution. Detailed analysis of differentiated viral populations is complicated by several factors. Low-frequency variants are difficult to detect by direct population sequencing of PCR products (45), while a subcloning and sequencing approach will focus sequencing on the most frequent...

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Presence of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Type 1 and HIV-1-Specific Antibodies in Cervicovaginal Secretions of Infected Mothers and in the Gastric Aspirates of their Infants

Cited by 56 publications

References 13 publications

Lack of Association between Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Antibody in Cervicovaginal Lavage Fluid and Plasma and Perinatal Transmission, in Thailand

Lack of Association between Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Antibody in Cervicovaginal Lavage Fluid and Plasma and Perinatal Transmission, in Thailand

Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 and Mucosal Humoral Defense

Population Genetic Analysis of the Protease Locus of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Quasispecies Undergoing Drug Selection, Using a Denaturing Gradient-Heteroduplex Tracking Assay

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