Presence of human herpes virus‐8 in saliva and non‐lesional oral mucosa in HIV‐infected and oncologic immunocompromised patients

Triantos, D; Horefti, Elina; Paximadi, Eleni; Kyriakopoulou, Zaharoula; Karakassiliotis, G.; Papanastasiou, K.; Lelekis, M.; Panos, George; Donta-Bakoyianni, C.; Rapidis, Alexander D.; Markoulatos, Panayotis

doi:10.1111/j.0902-0055.2002.00131.x

Cited by 25 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 27 publications

(43 reference statements)

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“…A 4-to 26-fold-increased odds of HHV shedding in the saliva of HIV seropositive patients was observed. The frequencies of detection in the HIV-positive and HIV-negative groups are consistent with those previously reported, indicating that HHVs are frequently shed asymptomatically in the saliva of HIV-infected patients who take HAART (3,4,6,19,37,38,44,68). The higher prevalence in the HIV-positive group may reflect altered health status or differences in herpesvirus seropositivity between the groups, particularly for CMV.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

“…The prevalence of HHVs in the saliva of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-seropositive patients has been less often reported, with reports generally focusing on individual prevalence, not the simultaneous presence of HHVs. In these reports, the prevalence of HHVs appears higher in HIV-seropositive patients (3,4,6,19,38,44,46,68). However, in one study that examined multiple HHVs, rates of detection in saliva of HIV-seropositive patients were similar to that of the general population, except for CMV (20).…”

mentioning

confidence: 94%

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High Prevalence of Multiple Human Herpesviruses in Saliva from Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Infected Persons in the Era of Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy

Miller¹,

Berger²,

Mootoor³

et al. 2006

J Clin Microbiol

134

122

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Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is associated with an increased risk for human herpesviruses (HHVs) and their related diseases. Methods for limiting the transmission of HHVs require a better understanding of the prevalence and infectiousness of oral HHVs in HIV-infected patients. We performed quantitative PCR to investigate the prevalence, quantity, risk, and correlates of salivary HHVs from 58 HIVseropositive individuals in a case control study. HHVs were significantly more prevalent in the salivas of HIV-seropositive persons than in those of the controls (odds ratios [ORs], 4.2 to 26.2; P < 0.008). In HIV-infected patients, Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8), cytomegalovirus (CMV), and herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) were detected in 90%, 57%, 31% and 16% of samples, respectively, compared with 48%, 24%, 2%, and 2%, respectively, of samples from controls. Multiple HHVs were observed in 71% of HIV-seropositive persons and only 16% of controls (OR, 13.0; 95% confidence interval, 5.29 to 32.56). HIV-positive patients had significantly higher EBV loads than HIV-negative persons (P < 0.0001). HIVinfected patients with CD4 counts above 200 cells/l had increased probability for having HHV-8 in saliva (P ‫؍‬ 0.009) compared with patients whose counts were less than 200. In contrast, HSV-1, EBV, and CMV were detected more often when CD4 counts were low. High salivary HHV loads were detected for those (n ‫؍‬ 7) with oral lesions. These findings suggest that saliva is a potential risk factor for the acquisition of multiple HHVs, and several host factors may function to accelerate HHV reactivation or replication in patients with HIV infection.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

mentioning

confidence: 94%

High Prevalence of Multiple Human Herpesviruses in Saliva from Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Infected Persons in the Era of Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy

Miller¹,

Berger²,

Mootoor³

et al. 2006

J Clin Microbiol

134

122

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“…The present data is consistent with other studies that showed evidence of infection with HHVs in the majority of the world's populations [27][28][29][30] .…”

Section: Ethicalsupporting

confidence: 93%

PCR detection of multiple human herpesvirus DNA in saliva from HIV-infected individuals in Teresina, State of Piauí, Brazil

Carvalho

Silvestre

Maciel

et al. 2010

Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop.

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Introduction: Human herpesviruses are frequently associated with orofacial diseases in humans (HSV-1, EBV, CMV and HHV-8), some can also cause systemic disease . The transmission of these viruses occurs by contact with infected secretions, especially saliva. Human immunodeficiency virus infection is associated with an increased risk of HHVs and related diseases. Methods: This work aimed to detect HSV-1, EBV, CMV and HHV-8 DNA in saliva of HIV-infected patients from Teresina, northeast Brazil, by PCR and compare these findings with age and sex matched HIV-seronegative individuals. Results: No difference in prevalence was verified between HHV detection in the saliva of HIV-seropositive individuals and controls. The individual frequencies of these viruses in these two populations were different. HIV seropositivity correlated positively with the presence of CMV (OR: 18.2, p= 0.00032) and EBV (OR: 3.44, p= 0.0081). No association between CD4 counts and the prevalence of HHVs in the saliva was observed; however, a strong association was determined between seropositivity and the presence of multiple HHV DNAs in saliva (OR: 4.83, p = 0.0028). Conclusions: These findings suggest the asymptomatic salivary shedding of HHVs is a common event between HIV-seropositive and seronegative individuals from Teresina, Piauí, Brazil, and, especially for HIV-seropositive patients, saliva is a risk factor for the acquisition/transmission of multiple HHVs. Key-words:Human herpesvirus. Saliva. PCR. HIV seropositive. RESUMOIntrodução: Alguns herpesvírus humanos são frequentemente associados a doenças orofaciais em humanos. A transmissão destes vírus ocorre através do contato com secreções contaminadas, especialmente a saliva. A infecção pelo vírus da imunodeficiência humana é considerada um fator de risco para a aquisição de HHVs e doenças correlatas. Métodos: Este trabalho teve como objetivo detectar por PCR o DNA de HSV-1, EBV, CMV e HHV-8 na saliva de pacientes infectados com HIV em Teresina, nordeste do Brasil, e comparar os dados obtidos com o grupo controle (indivíduos HIV negativos). Resultados: Não há diferença na prevalência de detecção de HHVs na saliva de indivíduos HIV soropositivos e soronegativos. No entanto, as frequências individuais de detecção dos diferentes HHVs são diferentes entre estas duas populações. A soropositividade para HIV apresentou correlação positiva com a presença de CMV (OR: 18,2, p = 0,00032) e EBV (OR: 3,44, p = 0,0081). Não foi verificada nenhuma associação entre a contagem de CD4 e prevalência de HHVs na saliva, no entanto existe uma forte associação entre a soropositividade e a detecção do DNA de vários HHVs na saliva (OR: 4,83, p = 0,0028). Conclusões: Estes resultados sugerem que a transmissão salivar de HHVs é um evento comum entre os indivíduos HIV soropositivos e soronegativos de Teresina, Piauí, Brasil, e, especialmente para os pacientes soropositivos, a saliva é um fator de risco para a aquisição/transmissão de múltiplos HHVs.Palavras-chaves: Herpesvirus humanos. Saliva. PCR. HIV sorop...

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“…That virus replicates at these sites is suggested by data from patient 2, whose viral load in whole-mouth saliva exceeded 2 million genome copies/ ml and in whom viral DNA could be detected in both buccal and palatal exfoliate samples. For most of the patients studied, whole-mouth saliva yielded higher PCR amplification rates than other oral samples, likely reflecting virus shed from other sites, such as tonsils [Koelle et al, 1997;Chagas et al, 2006] and tongue [Triantos et al, 2004;Widmer et al, 2006]. The limited human herpesvirus 8 DNA detection rate in saliva collected from the parotid duct supports previous findings indicating that major salivary glands are not important contributors to viral shedding [Pauk et al, 2000;Beyari et al, 2003].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 74%

“…The mouth and oropharynx are dominant sites of viral shedding [Di Alberti et al, 1997;Koelle et al, 1997;Blackbourn et al, 1998;Lampinen et al, 2000;Pauk et al, 2000;Cook et al, 2002a;Beyari et al, 2003;Duus et al, 2004;Mbopi-Keou et al, 2004;Mbulaiteye et al, 2004;Taylor et al, 2004;Triantos et al, 2004;Widmer et al, 2006;Casper et al, 2007]. Furthermore, virus in the mouth may belong to distinct strains, reflecting multiple infection [Beyari et al, 2003].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Salivary human herpesvirus 8 shedding in renal allograft recipients with Kaposi's sarcoma

Al-Otaibi

Ngui²,

Scully

et al. 2007

Journal of Medical Virology

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Renal allograft recipients in the Middle East are at high risk of developing Kaposi's sarcoma. This report describes the extent of oral human herpesvirus 8 shedding and the genomic diversity of the virus in five Saudi Arabian kidney transplantation patients in whom Kaposi's sarcoma had developed. PCR protocols were applied to amplify three fragments of the viral genome from whole-mouth saliva, parotid saliva, buccal and palatal exfoliates, plasma, peripheral blood leukocytes and biopsy of the Kaposi's sarcoma lesion, and to quantify the viral load in whole-mouth saliva. Viral DNA was detected in all plasma and biopsy samples, 80% of whole-mouth saliva, 20% of each of the other oral samples, and none of the leukocyte samples. The viral load in the cell-free fraction of whole-mouth saliva ranged between approximately 1.2 x 10(3) and 2.2 x 10(6) genome-copies/ml. Genotypically distinct viral strains were evident: intra-lesionally in 1 patient; intra-orally in one patient; between an oral sample and biopsy in two patients; and in four patients, between an oral sample and plasma, and between plasma and biopsy. Thus, in the patients studied, salivary shedding of human herpesvirus 8 was frequent and could be extensive, and they were prone to multiple infections. Measures to curtail salivary viral transmission to pre- and post-transplantation patients might reduce the incidence of post-transplantation Kaposi's sarcoma.

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Presence of human herpes virus‐8 in saliva and non‐lesional oral mucosa in HIV‐infected and oncologic immunocompromised patients

Cited by 25 publications

References 27 publications

High Prevalence of Multiple Human Herpesviruses in Saliva from Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Infected Persons in the Era of Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy

High Prevalence of Multiple Human Herpesviruses in Saliva from Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Infected Persons in the Era of Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy

PCR detection of multiple human herpesvirus DNA in saliva from HIV-infected individuals in Teresina, State of Piauí, Brazil

Salivary human herpesvirus 8 shedding in renal allograft recipients with Kaposi's sarcoma

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