Presence of hepatitis E virus in sewage in Northern India: Frequency and seasonal pattern

Ippagunta, Sirish K.; Naik, Sita; Sharma, Bechan; Aggarwal, Rakesh

doi:10.1002/jmv.21017

Cited by 63 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Furthermore, a seasonal pattern of HEV RNA positivity was described in sewage samples obtained during a period of two years in Northern India: the higher positivity rate for HEV RNA detected by PCR was found during the summer, while the lower positivity rate was found during the monsoon months [52]. A similar seasonal pattern was reported in a study carried out in Switzerland [53].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 56%

First evidence of the Hepatitis E virus in environmental waters in Colombia

et al. 2017

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Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is one of the main causes of acute viral hepatitis of enteric transmission. HEV has been detected in environmental samples in several countries from Europe and Asia, constituting a risk factor for waterborne infection. In Colombia, HEV has been identified in samples obtained from patients as well as from swine, but no environmental studies have been carried out. To determine if HEV is present in environmental waters, samples from the main source of drinking water plant and of wastewater system of eight municipalities and two villages of Antioquia state (North West Colombia), were collected between December 2012 and April 2014. The HEV genome was detected by RT-PCR in 23.3% (7/30) of the samples from the main source of drinking water plants and in 16.7% (5/30) from sewage. Viral concentrates obtained from three positive sewage samples were used to inoculate HepG2 cell cultures that were followed for one month; however, the viral genome was not detected in any cell culture. This study demonstrates the circulation of HEV in both source of drinking water plants and wastewater in Antioquia state, Colombia. The presence of HEV in environmental waters could be a risk for waterborne transmission in this population. The findings of the present study, together with the evidence of HEV circulation in human and swine in Colombia, should be consider by public health authorities for the development of surveillance programs and the inclusion of HEV infection diagnosis in the guidelines of viral hepatitis in the country. This is the first report of HEV in environmental samples in Colombia and the second one in Latin America.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 56%

First evidence of the Hepatitis E virus in environmental waters in Colombia

et al. 2017

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“…The disease mainly affects young human adults and generally has a low mortality rate (1%), but this rate can rise to 25% in pregnant women (5,6). Transmission of the hepatitis E virus (HEV), the causative agent of hepatitis E, is mainly through the fecal-oral route, via contaminated food and water (7,10). HEV infection occurs not only in humans but also in animals, such as swine, wild boar, wild deer, and wild mongoose, and the disease can be considered an anthropozoonosis (2,4,8,12).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Reverse Transcription-Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Assay for Rapid Detection of Hepatitis E Virus

Lan

Yang

et al. 2009

J Clin Microbiol

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The one-step single-tube betaine-free reverse transcription (RT)-loop-mediated isothermal amplification assay was developed for rapid diagnosis of hepatitis E virus. This assay amplified the target gene in less than 45 min (even as short as 20 min) under isothermal conditions at 63°C, and the sensitivity of this assay was 100-fold greater than that of RT-PCR. This assay demonstrated a detection limit of 0.045 fg (nine copies/reaction).

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“…[17] A study from North India found HEV genomic sequences in 40% of the sewage specimen in a city. [22] In another recent study from Gokulpura area of Delhi, HEV RNA was detected in 4.25% of sewage samples and 1.42% of drinking water samples. An interesting correlation was that 29.8% cases of viral hepatitis in the community were due to HEV.…”

Section: Epidemiological Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 92%

Transfusion-transmitted hepatitis E: Is screening warranted?

Bajpai¹,

Gupta²

2011

Indian Journal of Medical Microbiology

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Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is an emerging infectious threat to blood safety. In recent years, there have been a number of publications delineating this threat by providing evidence of the transmissibility of this virus through transfusions. The extent of transmission and its clinical relevance are issues under debate at present. HEV usually causes a self-limiting illness which subsides in a few weeks barring a few cases where fulminant hepatic failure occurs. The virus poses a risk of higher morbidity and mortality in pregnant females, patients with pre-existing liver disease and solid organ transplant recipients. As these categories of patient often require repeated transfusions or massive transfusions, they are exposed to a greater risk of transmission of HEV. At present, there is little evidence to advocate universal screening for this virus but considering that there is no definitive treatment for HEV induced hepatitis, selective screening should be advocated in blood products for high risk recipients in endemic areas.

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Presence of hepatitis E virus in sewage in Northern India: Frequency and seasonal pattern

Cited by 63 publications

References 28 publications

First evidence of the Hepatitis E virus in environmental waters in Colombia

First evidence of the Hepatitis E virus in environmental waters in Colombia

Reverse Transcription-Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Assay for Rapid Detection of Hepatitis E Virus

Transfusion-transmitted hepatitis E: Is screening warranted?

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