Presence of Enteric Viruses in Source Waters for Drinking Water Production in the Netherlands

Lodder, Willemijn J.; Berg, Harold van den; Rutjes, Saskia A.; Husman, Ana Maria de Roda

doi:10.1128/aem.00245-10

Cited by 99 publications

(69 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…In contrast, other studies have shown some correlation between human viruses and F-specific phages [23,123,126,140,141] and between human viruses and somatic coliphages in surface waters [104,140,142], between enteroviruses and somatic coliphages in sludge [82], and between human viruses and both somatic and F-specific phages in surface water [78]. Thus, even if the results far from indicate a clear correlation between indicator coliphage densities and human viruses in water, there is evidence that somatic and F-specific coliphages are more strongly associated with pathogenic viruses than the traditional bacterial indicators and even a particular pathogenic virus.…”

Section: Relationship To Human Virusesmentioning

confidence: 56%

“…The ratios of culturable viruses to somatic coliphages (mainly with reference to enteroviruses detected by cell culture) are 10:10 4 or 10:10 5 in the scenarios for which data on both are available. The claim is true for raw sewage, secondary and tertiary effluents [72][73][74][75][76][77], surface waters [73,[78][79][80], and sludge [81,82]. The same ratio is true for infectious rotaviruses detected by cell culture followed by qRT-PCR [83].…”

Section: Concentration Methodsmentioning

confidence: 81%

“…In surface waters, a lack of co-occurrence or correlation has been reported for adenoviruses and enteroviruses [136]; enteroviruses and adenoviruses [142]; enteroviruses and adenoviruses [124]; adenoviruses and noroviruses [144]; and enteroviruses and polyomaviruses [145]. In contrast, some studies on surface waters have shown correlations among different pathogenic viruses, such as astroviruses, noroviruses, rotaviruses, and adenoviruses [23]; enteroviruses, reoviruses, noroviruses, and rotaviruses [78]; and adenoviruses and noroviruses [141]. However, these three studies also report correlations between human viruses and coliphages.…”

Section: Relationship To Human Virusesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Coliphages as Model Organisms in the Characterization and Management of Water Resources

Torroella

Gutiérrez

Blanch

et al. 2016

Water

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Two groups of bacteriophages that infect Escherichia coli, somatic and F-specific coliphages, have been used in academia as both fecal and viral indicators for many years. Regulatory authorities in different parts of the world are beginning to consider coliphages as indicators of water quality in a range of settings. However, issues such as their potential replication in natural water environments, the cumbersome detection and enumeration methods, a lack of definition concerning which of the two groups should be included in future regulations, and the lack of a clear correlation between coliphages and human viruses and health risks in different water settings remain controversial. This review attempts to shed some light on these contentious issues. The conclusions are that: 1) supposing that they can replicate in some natural water settings, the contribution of coliphages replicated outside the gut will not affect the numbers contributed by fecal pollution and detected by strains recommended for standardized methods; 2) there are easy, fast, and cost-effective methods that can be used in routine laboratories after a little training; 3) perhaps the best option is to determine both groups in a single step; and 4) the low correlation of coliphages with human viruses and health risks is no worse than the correlation between different human viruses.

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Section: Relationship To Human Virusesmentioning

confidence: 56%

Section: Concentration Methodsmentioning

confidence: 81%

Section: Relationship To Human Virusesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Coliphages as Model Organisms in the Characterization and Management of Water Resources

Torroella

Gutiérrez

Blanch

et al. 2016

Water

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“…Evaluation of surface water quality in drinking water sources is important as they can be one of the main pathways for the dissemination of toxic chemicals and pathogenic microorganisms [2,3]. Identifying the source(s) of contamination and developing appropriate management strategies is essential to minimizing potential public health risks [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of Water Quality and Identification of Pollution Risk Locations in Tiaoxi River (Taihu Watershed), China

Vadde

Wang

Cao

et al. 2018

Water

104

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Taihu Lake is the third largest freshwater lake in China and serves as a drinking water source for~30 million residents. Tiaoxi River is one of the main rivers connected to this lake and contributes >60% of the source water. Taihu Lake has been facing various environmental issues; therefore, it is important to study the water quality of its inflow rivers. This study aimed to evaluate the physico-chemical and microbiological characteristics of Tiaoxi River and to determine the spatial and seasonal variations in the water quality. Water samples were collected from 25 locations across the Tiaoxi River in three seasons in 2014-2015. Fourteen water quality parameters including multiple nutrients and indicator bacteria were assessed, and the data analyzed by multivariate statistical analyses. The physico-chemical analysis showed high levels (>1 mg/L) of total nitrogen (TN) in all locations for all seasons. Total phosphorus (TP), nitrite-N (NO 2 -N), and ammonium-N (NH 4 -N) exceeded the acceptable limits in some locations and fecal coliform counts were high (>250 CFU/100 mL) in 15 locations. Hierarchical cluster analysis showed that the sampling sites could be grouped into three clusters based on water quality, which were categorized as low, moderate, and high pollution areas. Principal component analysis (PCA) applied to the entire dataset identified four principal components which explained 83% of the variation; pH, conductivity, TP, and NO 3 -N were found to be the key parameters responsible for variations in water quality. The overall results indicated that some of the sampling locations in the Tiaoxi River are heavily contaminated with pollutants from various sources which can be correlated with land use patterns and anthropogenic activities.

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“…The occurrence of enteroviruses in coastal waters in both bathing and non-bathing sites is documented worldwide [45][46][47][48][49][50]. Enteroviruses have also been found in rivers [49,[51][52][53][54][55], lakes [56,57], groundwater [29, [58][59][60][61] and in both untreated and finished drinking water supplies [30,38,55,62,63]. Despite the widespread presence of these viruses, however, few drinking water-related outbreaks have been reported [64][65][66][67], only two outbreaks of recreational waterborne coxsackievirus, nine echovirus outbreaks concentrated between 1990 and 2005 [11] and sporadic echovirus 30 outbreaks in swimming pool.…”

Section: Enterovirusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emerging and potentially emerging viruses in water environments

Rosa

Fratini

Libera

et al. 2012

Annali Dell'Istituto Superiore Di Sanità

112

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Abstract. Among microorganisms, viruses are best fit to become emerging pathogens since they are able to adapt not only by mutation but also through recombination and reassortment and can thus become able to infect new hosts and to adjust to new environments. Enteric viruses are among the commonest and most hazardous waterborne pathogens, causing both sporadic and outbreak-related illness. The main health effect associated with enteric viruses is gastrointestinal illness, but they can also cause respiratory symptoms, conjunctivitis, hepatitis, central nervous system infections, and chronic diseases. Non-enteric viruses, such as respiratory and epitheliotrophic viruses are not considered waterborne, as they are not readily transmitted to water sources from infected individuals. The present review will focus on viral pathogens shown to be transmitted through water. It will also provide an overview of viruses that had not been a concern for waterborne transmission in the past, but that may represent potentially emerging waterborne pathogens due to their occurrence and persistence in water environments.Key words: viruses, waterborne, emerging, drinking water, recreational water. Riassunto (Infezioni emergenti e potenzialmente emergenti in ambienti acquatici).I virus sono tra i principali agenti di infezioni emergenti, in quanto sono in grado di acquisire nuove caratteristiche biologiche attraverso fenomeni di mutazione, ricombinazione e riassortimento genico, adattandosi così a nuovi ospiti e nuove nicchie ecologiche. I virus enterici sono tra le principali cause di malattie infettive di origine idrica, che possono manifestarsi come casi sporadici o cluster epidemici. Le manifestazioni cliniche più comuni sono le gastroenteriti; tuttavia i virus enterici sono in grado di causare anche sintomi respiratori, congiuntiviti, epatiti, infezioni del sistema nervoso centrale e malattie croniche. La presente rassegna fornisce una panoramica dei virus enterici tradizionalmente associati alle malattie idrotrasmesse; mostra inoltre dati epidemiologici su alcuni gruppi di virus che non sono stati associati a malattie idrodiffuse in passato (inclusi virus respiratori ed epiteliotropici), ma che possono rappresentare nuovi patogeni emergenti a causa della loro presenza e persistenza in ambienti acquatici.Parole chiave: virus, malattie idrotrasmesse, patogeni emergenti, acque potabili, acque ricreative.

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Presence of Enteric Viruses in Source Waters for Drinking Water Production in the Netherlands

Cited by 99 publications

References 46 publications

Coliphages as Model Organisms in the Characterization and Management of Water Resources

Coliphages as Model Organisms in the Characterization and Management of Water Resources

Assessment of Water Quality and Identification of Pollution Risk Locations in Tiaoxi River (Taihu Watershed), China

Emerging and potentially emerging viruses in water environments

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