Presence of Drug Resistance Mutations Among Drug-Naive Patients in Morocco

Annaz, Hicham El; Recordon-Pinson, Patrícia; Baba, Nabil; Sedrati, O.; Mrani, Saâd; Fleury, Hervé

doi:10.1089/aid.2010.0284

Cited by 9 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…These results confirm our previous publication detailing the predominance of subtype B and the increasing prevalence of HIV-1 non-B subtypes (A, CRF02-AG, G, and C) in Mor-occo. 5 which can be mainly associated with the increasing immigration of Sub-Saharan Africans to European countries via Morocco. 7 This study provides the first estimation of the prevalence of DRMs in patients failing ARV therapy in Morocco.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The outer and inner primers used are as previously described. 5 The obtained fragments were sequenced on both strands using the CEQ DTCS Quick Start kit on an automated sequencer Beckman Coulter GenomeLab GeXP DNA Analyzer System. Phylogenetic trees with bootscanning methods were inferred using the neighbor-joining method from matrix distances calculated after gapstripping of alignments, with a Kimura two-parameter algorithm.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…4 We have reported previously a relatively low prevalence of drug resistance mutations (DRMs) in naive patients of Morocco. 5 However, there are no data so far on the molecular characterization (including DRMs) of HIV-1 isolates from patients exhibiting ART failure in Morocco. We report here HIV-1 DRMs in Moroccan patients failing HAART together with some additional data on the subtypes and CRFs circulating in the country.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Drug Resistance Mutations in HIV Type 1 Isolates from Patients Failing Antiretroviral Therapy in Morocco

Annaz

Recordon-Pinson²,

Tagajdid

et al. 2012

AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses

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The emergence of viral-resistant strains is a major problem for the medical management of HIV-infected individuals. The aim of this study was to characterize viral subtypes and drug-resistance mutations (DRMs) in HIV-1 isolates from patients failing antiretroviral therapy (ART). A total of 45 HIV-1-infected patients failing ART were enrolled. The viral RT and Prot genes were amplified and sequenced to determine subtypes and potential DRMs. The subtype distribution was 74% subtype B, 11% subtype A, 9% CRF02-AG, 4% subtype G, and 2% subtype C. Virus samples from 34% of the patients had no DRM while 53%, 27%, and 2% of samples carried at least one DRM conferring resistance to drugs of one, two, or three classes, respectively. DRMs were observed in 50% of the patients infected with non-B strains. The prevalence of nucleoside transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI) mutations was 48%, M184V being largely predominant. The prevalence of nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI) mutations was 13%, with K103N present in 57% of samples from NNRTIs-exposed patients. The prevalence of protease inhibitor (PI) mutations was 22%, with major mutations V82A and M46I seen in 16% and 11% of viruses from PI-exposed individuals, respectively. Our study shows the emergence of DRMs in HIV-1 isolates from Moroccan patients failing ART. Although not surprising, the data plead for longitudinal surveys of the dynamics of emergence of DRMs (with a focus on multidrug resistance) in treated patients and circulation of resistant HIV-1 strains in this country.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Drug Resistance Mutations in HIV Type 1 Isolates from Patients Failing Antiretroviral Therapy in Morocco

Annaz

Recordon-Pinson²,

Tagajdid

et al. 2012

AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses

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“…Two of these patients came from Equatorial Guinea, where CRF02_AG is highly prevalent (12), but the third patient was from North Africa, where subtype B is prevalent (1). The different origins of the patients suggest that the infection and subsequent spread occurred in Spain.…”

Section: One Of 10 Hiv-1-infections In Spain Could Represent Recombinmentioning

confidence: 99%

Most HIV Type 1 Non-B Infections in the Spanish Cohort of Antiretroviral Treatment-Naïve HIV-Infected Patients (CoRIS) Are Due to Recombinant Viruses

et al. 2012

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HIV-1 group M is classified into 9 subtypes, as well as recombinants favored by coinfection and superinfection events with different variants. Although HIV-1 subtype B is predominant in Europe, intersubtype recombinants are increasing in prevalence and complexity. In this study, phylogenetic analyses of pol sequences were performed to detect the HIV-1 circulating and unique recombinant forms (CRFs and URFs, respectively) in a Spanish cohort of antiretroviral treatment-naïve HIV-infected patients included in the Research Network on HIV/AIDS (CoRIS). Bootscanning and other methods were used to define complex recombinants not assigned to any subtype or CRF. A total of 670 available HIV-1 pol sequences from different patients were collected, of which 588 (87.8%) were assigned to HIV-1 subtype B and 82 (12.2%) to HIV-1 non-B variants. Recombinants caused the majority (71.9%) of HIV-1 non-B infections and were found in 8.8% of CoRIS patients. Eleven URFs (accounting for 13.4% of HIV-1 non-B infections), presenting complex mosaic patterns, were detected. Among them, 10 harbored subtype B fragments. Four of the 11 URFs were found in Spanish natives. A cluster of three B/CRF02_AG recombinants was detected. We conclude that complex variants, including unique recombinant forms, are being introduced into Spain through both immigrants and natives. An increase in the frequency of mosaic viruses, reflecting the increasing heterogeneity of the HIV epidemic in our country, is expected.

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“…Drug resistance mutations to NRTIs and PIs have been reported in untreated patients in Algeria [21]. Moreover, HIVDR to NRTIs, NNRTIs, and PIs were described in Morocco among ART-naive patients [22]. To our knowledge, there are no data on antiretroviral drug resistance among treatment-naive HIV-1-infected individuals in Lebanon.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Screening for antiretroviral drug resistance among treatment-naive human immunodeficiency virus type 1-infected individuals in Lebanon

Mokhbat

Melhem

El‐Khatib

et al. 2014

J Infect Dev Ctries

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Introduction: Antiretroviral therapy (ART) has been successful at decreasing the morbidity and mortality associated with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection. HIV-1 drug resistance (HIVDR) among ART-naive patients has been documented to compromise the success of initial therapy. This study was conducted to determine the prevalence of HIVDR mutations among newly diagnosed drug-naive HIV-infected individuals in Lebanon. Methodology: Plasma samples from 37 newly diagnosed participants at various stages of HIV-1 infection were used to determine HIV-1 RNA viral load, isolate viral RNA, and amplify DNA by RT-PCR. Purified PCR products were used to perform genotypic resistance tests. Results: The prevalence of resistance mutations to nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTI), non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRT), and protease inhibitors (PI) were 5.4%, 10.8%, and 8%, respectively. The major mutations detected in the study participants conferred resistance to NRTIs and NNRTIs recommended for HIV-1 treatment. No significant relationship between HIV-1 viral load of participants and the mode of HIV-1 transmission or between the occurrence of HIVDR and the mode of transmission was found. Conclusions: To our knowledge, this is the first study on HIVDR mutations among newly diagnosed HIV-infected persons in Lebanon. The overall prevalence of HIVDR mutations detected in our study was 16%. Our results are important for evaluating the utility of the standard first-line regimens in use, determining the feasibility of HIVDR testing before the initiation of ART, as well as minimizing the emergence and transmission of HIVDR.

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Presence of Drug Resistance Mutations Among Drug-Naive Patients in Morocco

Cited by 9 publications

References 10 publications

Drug Resistance Mutations in HIV Type 1 Isolates from Patients Failing Antiretroviral Therapy in Morocco

Drug Resistance Mutations in HIV Type 1 Isolates from Patients Failing Antiretroviral Therapy in Morocco

Most HIV Type 1 Non-B Infections in the Spanish Cohort of Antiretroviral Treatment-Naïve HIV-Infected Patients (CoRIS) Are Due to Recombinant Viruses

Screening for antiretroviral drug resistance among treatment-naive human immunodeficiency virus type 1-infected individuals in Lebanon

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