Presence of Cardiometabolic Risk Factors Is Not Associated with Microalbuminuria in 14-to-20-Years Old Slovak Adolescents: A Cross-Sectional, Population Study

Abstract

IntroductionIn adults, microalbuminuria indicates generalized endothelial dysfunction, and is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular and all cause mortality. Slovak adults present one of the highest cardiovascular mortality rates in Europe. Thus Slovak adolescents are on a high-risk to develop cardiovascular afflictions early, and screening for microalbuminuria might be useful in early assessment of their cardiovascular risk. We aimed to study the prevalence of microalbuminuria in Slovak adolescents, and the association of urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio (ACR) to cardiovascular risk factors.Subjects and methodsAnthropometric data, blood pressure, blood count, glucose homeostasis, lipid profile, renal function, inflammatory status, concentrations of homocysteine and uric acid were determined and associated with ACR in 2 666 adolescents (49.4% boys, 51.6% girls) aged 14-to-20 years. Microalbuminuria was classified as ACR 2.5–25.0 mg/mmol in boys and 3.5–35.0 mg/mmol in girls.ResultsPrevalence of microalbuminuria in both genders reached 3.3%, and did not differ significantly between lean and centrally obese subjects. Girls presented higher ACR than boys (normoalbuminuric: 0.6±0.5 mg/mmol vs. 0.5±0.4 mg/mmol, p>0.001; microalbuminuric: 9.3±7.3 mg/mmol vs. 5.0±3.8 mg/mmol; p>0.001). Microalbuminuric adolescents and those presenting normoalbuminuria within the upper ACR quartile were slimmer than their normoalbuminuric counterparts or adolescents with normoalbuminuria within the lower quartile, respectively. No association between microalbuminuria and cardiovascular risk markers was revealed.ConclusionResults obtained in this study do not support our assumption that ACR associates with cardiometabolic risk factors in apparently healthy adolescents. Follow-up studies until adulthood are needed to estimate the potential cardiometabolic risk of apparently healthy microalbuminuric adolescents.

Microalbuminuria Is Associated with Lower Weight and Taller Height in Adolescence

“…In addition, Invitti et al (2006) found that MA was associated with metabolic syndrome. However, one large study found no association between MA and any cardiovascular risk factor (Gurecka et al 2015). Cho and Kim (2017) studied the associations with similar study population to ours, and suggested that MA can be a helpful cardiovascular disease risk marker.…”

“…Some studies found that obese adolescents were more likely to develop MA as adults (Csernus et al 2005;Burgert et al 2006;Invitti et al 2006). On the other hand, recent large-scale studies came to the opposite conclusion (Nguyen et al 2008;Gurecka et al 2015). For example, in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, the prevalence of MA was lower in obese than in normal-weight adolescents unlike adults (Nguyen et al 2008).…”

Correlation among soluble receptors for advanced glycation end-products, soluble vascular adhesion protein-1/semicarbazide-sensitive amine oxidase (sVAP-1) and cardiometabolic risk markers in apparently healthy adolescents: a cross-sectional study

“…The cross-sectional BRespect for Health^study was carried out in students attending state-governed secondary schools in Bratislava Region, as described in detail previously [31]. It aimed to characterize cardiometabolic health status of adolescents, to implement an effective preventive program for early protective regimens.…”

“…Anthropometric and blood pressure (BP) measurements were performed at schools by trained medical personnel, as described previously [31]. Briefly, body weight and percentage of total body fat (TBF, bioimpedance method) were determined using digital scales (Omron BF510); height and waist circumference were measured.…”

“…Blood was sampled after overnight fasting at appointed health centers, and transferred into the central laboratory for determination of FPG, fasting plasma insulin (FPI), albumin, creatinine, uric acid, total and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), triacylglycerols (TAG), and hsCRP using standard laboratory methods (Advia 2400 analyzer, Siemens) [31]. Total homocysteine was measured by a HPLC method.…”