Presence of Burkholderia pseudomallei in the ‘Granary of Myanmar’

Win, Tun Tun; Su, Khine Khine; Than, Aye; Htut, Zaw Min; Pyar, Khin Phyu; Ashley, Elizabeth A.; Dance, David A. B.; Tun, Kyaw Myo

doi:10.3390/tropicalmed4010008

Cited by 5 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…Limmathurotsakul et al suggested that the burden of melioidosis in Myanmar was more than 6,000 cases and 3,000 deaths per year. [1] Recently two small studies confirmed the presence of B. pseudomallei in the soil in three regions (Yangon, Ayeyarwaddy and Bago) [26,27] but the national distribution in Myanmar remains unknown. We therefore carried out a nationwide study to identify the geographical distribution of B. pseudomallei in soil in Myanmar.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Geographical distribution of Burkholderia pseudomallei in soil in Myanmar

et al. 2021

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Background Burkholderia pseudomallei is a Gram-negative bacterium found in soil and water in many tropical countries. It causes melioidosis, a potentially fatal infection first described in 1911 in Myanmar. Melioidosis is a common cause of sepsis and death in South and South-east Asia, but it is rarely diagnosed in Myanmar. We conducted a nationwide soil study to identify areas where B. pseudomallei is present. Methodology/Principal findings We collected soil samples from 387 locations in all 15 states and regions of Myanmar between September 2017 and June 2019. At each site, three samples were taken at each of three different depths (30, 60 and 90 cm) and were cultured for B. pseudomallei separately, along with a pooled sample from each site (i.e. 10 cultures per site). We used a negative binomial regression model to assess associations between isolation of B. pseudomallei and environmental factors (season, soil depth, soil type, land use and climate zones). B. pseudomallei was isolated in 7 of 15 states and regions. Of the 387 sites, 31 (8%) had one or more positive samples and of the 3,870 samples cultured, 103 (2.7%) tested positive for B. pseudomallei. B. pseudomallei was isolated more frequently during the monsoon season [RR-2.28 (95% CI: 0.70–7.38)] and less in the hot dry season [RR-0.70 (95% CI: 0.19–2.56)] compared to the cool dry season, and in the tropical monsoon climate zone [RR-2.26; 95% CI (0.21–6.21)] compared to the tropical dry winter climate zone. However, these associations were not statistically significant. B. pseudomallei was detected at all three depths and from various soil types (clay, silt and sand). Isolation was higher in agricultural land (2.2%), pasture land (8.5%) and disused land (5.8%) than in residential land (0.4%), but these differences were also not significant. Conclusion/Significance This study confirms a widespread distribution of B. pseudomallei in Myanmar. Clinical studies should follow to obtain a better picture of the burden of melioidosis in Myanmar.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recently two small studies confirmed the presence of B . pseudomallei in the soil in three regions (Yangon, Ayeyarwaddy and Bago) [ 26 , 27 ] but the national distribution in Myanmar remains unknown. We therefore carried out a nationwide study to identify the geographical distribution of B .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Geographical distribution of Burkholderia pseudomallei in soil in Myanmar

et al. 2021

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“…After positive colonies were described as B. pseudomallei showing agglutination and kept in trypticase soy broth with 20% glycerol for molecular identification (16), soil samples were gathered during September 2018 (the wet season) from a region of disused land and cultivated land in Yangon. Soil culture for B. pseudomallei was done according to the protocol (17) Genomic DNA was obtained from all strains resulting from Vitek2, API 20NE, or latex agglutination tests. Whole-cell suspensions of isolates were utilized for PCR.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distribution of soil and clinical Burkholderia pseudomallei isolates in Myanmar by using MLST

Aung,

Htut,

Aung

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Burkholderia pseudomallei can be identified as Gram-negative bacillus without spore-forming in an environment such as soil and stagnant water. Human factors and climate changes make the incidence of melioidosis higher. Soil with high moisture and clay-rich is a suitable residence for B. pseudomallei. Twenty-one isolates of B. pseudomallei were collected and performed by multilocus sequence typing. Among them, eight novel sequence types (STs) of B. pseudomallei were found, while the rest show known STs. Interestingly, ST 56 from two patients was identified as the same region, while ST 90 showed local and global distribution. Among six ST 90 B. pseudomallei, the three isolates were from soil and patients. Clinical ST 90 isolates were traced in the same region as soil ST 90 isolates. Those isolates may correlate with each other by using multilocus sequence typing (MLST) cost-effectively. However, it still needs to prove its correct relatedness. This study pointed out the reasonable assumption of Burkholderia pseudomallei for local and global distribution in Myanmar.

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“…It was isolated from an autopsy of a drug-addicted person (12,13). Extensive studies, however, have not been conducted in this country due to national policy and political affairs (14). In Myanmar, agriculture is the main production system, and the country is one of the largest exporters of rice in Asia.…”

Section: B Pseudomallei Was First Discovered By Whitmore and Krishnas...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Workflow for Identification of <i>Burkholderia pseudomallei</i> Clinical Isolates in Myanmar

Aung

Chantratita

et al. 2023

Jpn J Infect Dis

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Burkholderia pseudomallei, the highly infectious causative organism of melioidosis, was first discovered in Myanmar in 1911. The identification of B. pseudomallei was elucidated in Myanmar because of its genetic relatedness among Burkholderia species. In this study, we identified 2 isolates of Burkholderia cenocepacia, 2 Acinetobacter baumannii complex, and 18 clinical isolates of B. pseudomallei by Vitek 2. These isolates were first screened with a latex agglutination test, which showed positive results in 20 of 22 isolates. All the isolates were cultured on Ashdown agar and further tested by molecular methods. Specific PCR for type III secretion system (TTSs) gene clusters indicated 19 B. pseudomallei isolates out of the 22 isolates. 16S rRNA and recA gene sequencing were used as the gold standard methods and displayed the same results. RapID NF Plus detected 16 B. pseudomallei out of the 22 isolates. Vitek 2 and RapID NF Plus should play key roles in the diagnosis of melioidosis and the surveillance of B. Pseudomallei in Myanmar, but accurate identification should be confirmed by TTS1 PCR. This study evaluated the presumptive workflow for the investigation of B.

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Presence of Burkholderia pseudomallei in the ‘Granary of Myanmar’

Cited by 5 publications

References 41 publications

Geographical distribution of Burkholderia pseudomallei in soil in Myanmar

Geographical distribution of Burkholderia pseudomallei in soil in Myanmar

Distribution of soil and clinical Burkholderia pseudomallei isolates in Myanmar by using MLST

Workflow for Identification of <i>Burkholderia pseudomallei</i> Clinical Isolates in Myanmar

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