Presence of bronchial nodules, younger age, and heavier body weight are associated with a diagnosis of eosinophilic lung disease in dogs with cough

Abstract

OBJECTIVE To describe the association between a diagnosis of eosinophilic lung disease (ELD) in dogs with signalment and bronchoscopic features and evaluate the accuracy of visualization of nodules for the diagnosis of ELD. ANIMALS 781 dogs with cough that underwent bronchoscopy between 2014 and 2016. PROCEDURES Data were extracted from the medical records of each included dog. Multivariable logistic regression was performed to investigate associations between ELD and patient characteristics. RESULTS ELD was diagnosed in 113 (14.5%) dogs. More than 3 nodular lesions of the bronchial mucosa were detected in 64 (8.2%) dogs. The odds of having ELD were greater in dogs with nodules (adjusted OR [aOR], 26.0; 95% CI, 13.0 to 52.0) and static bronchial collapse (aOR, 2.3; 95% CI, 1.1 to 4.6), and lower in dogs having focal versus diffuse inflammation (aOR, 0.05; 95% CI, 0.01 to 0.37). The odds of having ELD decreased for each 1-year increase in age (aOR, 0.86; 95% CI, 0.80 to 0.92), and increased for each 1-kg increase in weight (aOR, 1.04; 95% CI, 1.01 to 1.06). Visualization of nodules during bronchoscopy had a overall accuracy of 89.4% (95% CI, 87.0% to 91.4%), sensitivity of 41.6% (32.4% to 51.2%), and specificity of 97.5% (96.0% to 98.5%) for a diagnosis of ELD. CLINICAL RELEVANCE On the basis of high specificity and negative predictive value, lack of visualization of bronchial nodules during bronchoscopy can be used to preliminarily rule out ELD. However, visualization of bronchial nodules does not imply presence of ELD. This could be especially relevant when results of BAL cytology are available several days after the actual bronchoscopy.

Computed tomographic and bronchoscopic diagnosis of Oslerus osleri infection in a dog

“…Notably, the CT features are not specific for lungworm infection, and other infectious and inflammatory bronchopneumopathies can also be considered. Recently it was reported that bronchial mucosal nodules can also be seen on bronchoscopy in dogs with eosinophilic lung disease, with a prevalence of 13.1% 12 . Parasites were observed in BAL cytology in 3.8% of the sample population in that study; however, no correlation was found between the presence of bronchial nodules and parasitic infection 12 .…”

“…Parasites were observed in BAL cytology in 3.8% of the sample population in that study; however, no correlation was found between the presence of bronchial nodules and parasitic infection 12 . Other reported causes of bronchial nodules or polyps in humans include exposure to inhalation of smoke, toxins, or thermal injury 12 . This further supports the necessity to consider other differentials when the described CT features are noted.…”

“…Recently it was reported that bronchial mucosal nodules can also be seen on bronchoscopy in dogs with eosinophilic lung disease, with a prevalence of 13.1% 12 . Parasites were observed in BAL cytology in 3.8% of the sample population in that study; however, no correlation was found between the presence of bronchial nodules and parasitic infection 12 . Other reported causes of bronchial nodules or polyps in humans include exposure to inhalation of smoke, toxins, or thermal injury 12 .…”

“…12 Other reported causes of bronchial nodules or polyps in humans include exposure to inhalation of smoke, toxins, or thermal injury. 12 This further supports the necessity to consider other differentials when the described CT features are noted. The soft tissue nodule noted in the accessory lung lobe is speculated to be a parasitic or inflammatory granuloma, possibly associated with a smaller airway.…”

Übersicht über die eosinophilen Lungen- und Bronchialerkrankungen des Hundes

“…ELD haben ein breites Spektrum von klinischen Symptomen, radiologischen und endoskopischen Veränderungen [2,3]. Husten stellt das Leitsymptom dar [2][3][4].…”