Necropsy of an adult, wild-born squirrel monkey (Saimiri sciureus) revealed 30 to 40 esophageal nematodes. The anterior end of each nematode was firmly attached to the mucosa, with the remaining portion free in the lumen. Histologic changes were limited to the superficial mucosa, where the epithelium adjacent to the nematode was hyperplastic and increased keratin formed a bridge over the body of the parasite. The nematode was identified as belonging to the genus Spirura. The number of parasites in this animal was considered significant and contributed to the death of the animal.Necropsy of an adult, wild-born squirrel monkey (Saimiri sciureus), that died at the Delta Regional Primate Research Center after a week in quarantine revealed 30 to 40 nematodes in the lumen of the esophagus. Although the animal was emaciated, no other significant gross lesions were noted. The anterior end of each nematode was firmly attached to the esophageal mucosa, with the remaining portion of the parasite lying free in the lumen. Nematodes were present throughout the esophagus but were especially numerous in the distal third.Histologic changes were limited primarily to the superficial mucosa. Numerous cross-sections of the parasite were seen (Fig. l), some of which were associated with the keratinized layer of the mucosal epithelium. The epithelium adjacent to the parasite was hyperplastic, and increased keratin formed a bridge over the body of the nematode (Fig. 2). Occasionally, the epithelium and lamina propria had a minimal to mild infiltration of neutrophils and lymphocytes associated with an embedded parasite. The only other histologic finding was minimal to mild edema of the submucosa.The nematodes recovered from the esophagus were identified as belonging to the genus Spirura, in the family Spiruridae, of the order Spirurida. Members of this genus possess a very characteristic ventral boss or hump (Fig. 3). Specimens collected