Presence and Levels of Galactosyllactoses and Other Oligosaccharides in Human Milk and Their Variation during Lactation and According to Maternal Phenotype

Eussen, Simone; Mank, Marko; Kottler, Robert; Hoffmann, Xenia-Katharina; Behne, Alexander; Rapp, Erdmann; Stahl, Bernd; Koletzko, Berthold

doi:10.3390/nu13072324

Cited by 15 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 38 publications

(102 reference statements)

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“…Finally, C(G)E-based methods were also successfully applied for the absolute quantification of carbohydrates (Sarkozy et al 2021;Eussen et al 2021), which completes the wide field of applications. Taken together, unprecedented separation together with low costs, robustness, speed of analysis, multiplexing capability, high sensitivity, and nano-to femtoliter injection volumes make CE a veritable competitor to other more traditionally used techniques for glycan analysis.…”

Section: Background: Principles Of Capillary (Gel) Electrophoresis (C(g)e)mentioning

confidence: 92%

Capillary (Gel) Electrophoresis-Based Methods for Immunoglobulin (G) Glycosylation Analysis

Cajic

Hennig

Burock³

et al. 2021

Experientia Supplementum

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The in-depth characterization of protein glycosylation has become indispensable in many research fields and in the biopharmaceutical industry. Especially knowledge about modulations in immunoglobulin G (IgG) N-glycosylation and their effect on immunity enabled a better understanding of human diseases and the development of new, more effective drugs for their treatment. This chapter provides a deeper insight into capillary (gel) electrophoresis-based (C(G)E) glycan analysis, addressing its impressive performance and possibilities, its great potential regarding real high-throughput for large cohort studies, as well as its challenges and limitations. We focus on the latest developments with respect to miniaturization and mass spectrometry coupling, as well as data analysis and interpretation. The use of exoglycosidase sequencing in combination with current C(G)E technology is discussed, highlighting possible difficulties and pitfalls. The application section describes the detailed characterization of N-glycosylation, utilizing multiplexed CGE with laser-induced fluorescence detection (xCGE-LIF). Besides a comprehensive overview on antibody glycosylation by comparing species-specific IgGs and human immunoglobulins A, D, E, G, and M, the chapter comprises a comparison of therapeutic monoclonal antibodies from different production cell lines, as well as a detailed characterization of Fab and Fc glycosylation. These examples illustrate the full potential of C(G)E, resolving the smallest differences in sugar composition and structure.

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Section: Background: Principles Of Capillary (Gel) Electrophoresis (C(g)e)mentioning

confidence: 92%

Capillary (Gel) Electrophoresis-Based Methods for Immunoglobulin (G) Glycosylation Analysis

Cajic

Hennig

Burock³

et al. 2021

Experientia Supplementum

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“…Galactooligosaccharides (GOS) are galactose oligomers synthesized from lactose. GOS including 3′-galactosyllactose (3′-GL) are found in human milk only in small amounts [32][33][34]. Fructooligosaccharides (FOS), also called oligofructose, are fructose polymers which have a sweetening effect.…”

Section: Addition Of Synthetic Oligosaccharides To Infant Formulamentioning

confidence: 99%

Infant formulas with synthetic oligosaccharides and respective marketing practices: Position Statement of the German Society for Child and Adolescent Medicine e.V. (DGKJ), Commission for Nutrition

et al. 2022

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Human milk contains more than 150 different oligosaccharides, which together are among to the quantitatively predominant solid components of breast milk. The oligosaccharide content and composition of human milk show large inter-individual differences. Oligosaccharide content is mostly influenced by genetic variants of the mother’s secretor status. Oligosaccharides in human milk are utilized by infants’ intestinal bacteria, affecting bacterial composition and metabolic activity. Maternal secretor status, and respective differing fucosylated oligosaccharide content, has been associated both with reduced and increased risk of infection in different populations of breastfed infants, possibly due to environmental conditions and the infant’s genotype. There are no safety concerns regarding the addition of previously approved oligosaccharides to infant formula; however, no firm conclusions can be drawn about clinically relevant benefits either. Therefore, infant formulas with synthetic oligosaccharide additives are currently not preferentially recommended over infant formulas without such additives. We consider the use of terms such as “human milk oligosaccharides” and corresponding abbreviations such as “HMO” in any advertising of infant formula to be an inappropriate idealization of infant formula. Manufacturers should stop this practice, and such marketing practices should be prevented by responsible supervisory authorities. Pediatricians should inform families that infant formulas supplemented with synthetic oligosaccharides do not resemble the complex oligosaccharide composition of human milk.

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“…The proportion of Se+ and Se– mothers was 63%–89%:11%–37%. The proportion of Le+ and Le– mothers was 81%–94%:6%–19%. ,,− ,,,− …”

Section: Hmos Structure Concentration and Functionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Current Advances in Structure–Function Relationships and Dose-Dependent Effects of Human Milk Oligosaccharides

Wang

Chen

Wang

et al. 2022

J. Agric. Food Chem.

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HMOs (human milk oligosaccharides) are the third most important nutrient in breast milk. As complex glycans, HMOs play an important role in regulating neonatal intestinal immunity, resisting viral and bacterial infections, displaying antiinflammatory characteristics, and promoting brain development. Although there have been some previous reports of HMOs, a detailed literature review summarizing the structure−activity relationships and dose-dependent effects of HMOs is lacking. Hence, after introducing the structures and synthetic pathways of HMOs, this review summarizes and categorizes identified structure− function relationships of HMOs. Differential mechanisms of different structural HMOs utilization by microorganisms are summarized. This review also emphasizes the recent advances in the interactions between different health benefits and the variance of dosage effect based on in vitro cell tests, animal experiments, and human intervention studies. The potential relationships between the chemical structure, the dosage selection, and the physiological properties of HMOs as functional foods are vital for further understanding of HMOs and their future applications.

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Presence and Levels of Galactosyllactoses and Other Oligosaccharides in Human Milk and Their Variation during Lactation and According to Maternal Phenotype

Cited by 15 publications

References 38 publications

Capillary (Gel) Electrophoresis-Based Methods for Immunoglobulin (G) Glycosylation Analysis

Capillary (Gel) Electrophoresis-Based Methods for Immunoglobulin (G) Glycosylation Analysis

Infant formulas with synthetic oligosaccharides and respective marketing practices: Position Statement of the German Society for Child and Adolescent Medicine e.V. (DGKJ), Commission for Nutrition

Current Advances in Structure–Function Relationships and Dose-Dependent Effects of Human Milk Oligosaccharides

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