Presence and cellular distribution of HIV in the testes of seropositive subjects: an evaluation by in situ PCR hybridization

Muciaccia, Barbara; Uccini, Stefania; Filippini, Antonio; Ziparo, Elio; Paraire, F.; Baroni, Carlo; Stefanini, Mario

doi:10.1096/fasebj.12.2.151

Cited by 57 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 66 publications

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“…The identification of HIV-1 DNA in lymphocytes in the interstitial connective tissues between seminiferous tubules of testis supports previous reports of HIV-1-infected cells in testis by Muciaccia et al 51 and Pudney and Anderson. 5 These results suggest that HIV-infected lymphocytes in semen may originate either from the rete testis or from epididymis.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Subcompartmentalization of HIV-1 Quasispecies between Seminal Cells and Seminal Plasma Indicates Their Origin in Distinct Genital Tissues

Paranjpe

Craigo

Patterson

et al. 2002

AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses

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The mononuclear cells and plasma components of semen from HIV-infected subjects have been shown to contain HIV-1. However, there is very little information as to whether distinct HIV-1 population are present in these two seminal compartments or as to their tissue of origin. Phylogenetic analysis of nucleotide sequences of the C2-V5 region of the HIV-1 gp120 from HIV-1 RNA isolated from seminal cells and seminal plasma of five subjects indicates that the HIV-1 population derived from seminal plasma was distinct from that present in seminal cells. Such subcompartmentalization of HIV-1 between seminal cells and seminal plasma was detected as early as 3 months after seroconversion and persisted up to 38 months following seroconversion. Furthermore, comparison of HIV-1 sequences between testis and prostate tissues showed distinct HIV-1 populations in these tissue compartments. In situ real-time (Taqman) PCR analysis of prostate and testis tissues indicated that T lymphocytes were the predominant cells infected with HIV-1 in both of these tissues. Since seminal plasma is derived from prostate and most of the seminal cells originate from the rete testis and epididymis, these results are consistent with the idea that HIV-1 in seminal plasma is derived from the prostate, while HIV-1-infected cells in semen originate mostly from the rete testis and epididymis. These findings provide for the first time evidence of subcompartmentalization of HIV-1 in male genital organs and suggest that intervention strategies such as vasectomy may not prevent sexual transmission.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Subcompartmentalization of HIV-1 Quasispecies between Seminal Cells and Seminal Plasma Indicates Their Origin in Distinct Genital Tissues

Paranjpe

Craigo

Patterson

et al. 2002

AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses

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“…(i) The infection of spermatogonia, spermatocytes, and a small number of spermatids in 11 of 12 men with AIDS was described by Nuovo et al (240). (ii) Another study with seropositive asymptomatic subjects reported the presence of HIV-1 DNA in the nuclei of spermatogonia and other germ cells at all stages of differentiation, suggesting clonal infection (228). In these subjects, the presence of provirus did not cause cell damage and was associated with normal spermatogenesis, whereas in AIDS patients, spermatogenesis was arrested and there were few infected spermatogonia and spermatocytes.…”

Section: The Human Testismentioning

confidence: 98%

Viruses in the Mammalian Male Genital Tract and Their Effects on the Reproductive System

Dejucq

Jégou

2001

Microbiol Mol Biol Rev

287

220

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This review describes the various viruses identified in the semen and reproductive tracts of mammals (including humans), their distribution in tissues and fluids, their possible cell targets, and the functional consequences of their infectivity on the reproductive and endocrine systems. The consequences of these viral infections on the reproductive tract and semen can be extremely serious in terms of organ integrity, development of pathological and cancerous processes, and transmission of diseases. Furthermore, of essential importance is the fact that viral infection of the testicular cells may result not only in changes in testicular function, a serious risk for the fertility and general health of the individual (such as a fall in testosteronemia leading to cachexia), but also in the possible transmission of virus-induced mutations to subsequent generations. In addition to providing an exhaustive account of the data available in these domains, this review focuses attention on the fact that the interface between endocrinology and virology has so far been poorly explored, particularly when major health, social and economical problems are posed. Our conclusions highlight the research strategies that need to be developed. Progress in all these domains is essential for the development of new treatment strategies to eradicate viruses and to correct the virus-induced dysfunction of the endocrine system

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“…In the testis, viruses can induce pathological conditions, such as orchitis, decrease in semen quality, and testicular cancer [1]. Moreover, viral infection of the germ cells might result in transmission of virus-induced mutations to subsequent generations [2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toll-Like Receptor 3 Activation Induces Antiviral Immune Responses in Mouse Sertoli Cells1

Starace

Galli

Paone

et al. 2008

Biology of Reproduction

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Toll-like receptors (TLRs) recognize pathogen-associated molecular patterns and elicit antimicrobial immune responses. In the testis, viruses can induce pathological conditions, such as orchitis, and may participate in the etiology of testicular cancer; however, the molecular mechanisms involved remain under investigation. It has been suggested that because they constitutively express interferon (IFN)-inducible antiviral proteins, Sertoli cells participate in the testicular antiviral defense system. Previously, we demonstrated a key function of mouse Sertoli cells in the bactericidal testicular defense mechanism mediated by a panel of TLRs. To better characterize the potential role of Sertoli cells in the response against testicular viral infections, we investigated the TLR3 expression and function in these cells. Sertoli cells express TLR3, and under stimulation with the synthetic double-stranded RNA analogue poly (I:C), they produce the proinflammatory molecule ICAM1 and secrete functionally active CCL2 chemokine. Using both pharmacological and genetic approaches, we found that these effects are TLR3-dependent. Moreover, using ELISA, we found that IFNA is constitutively produced and not further inducible, whereas IFNB1 is absent and dramatically induced only by transfected poly (I:C), indicating different control mechanisms underlying IFNA and IFNB1 production. To conclude, poly (I:C) elicits both inflammatory and antiviral responses in Sertoli cells.

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Presence and cellular distribution of HIV in the testes of seropositive subjects: an evaluation by in situ PCR hybridization

Cited by 57 publications

References 66 publications

Subcompartmentalization of HIV-1 Quasispecies between Seminal Cells and Seminal Plasma Indicates Their Origin in Distinct Genital Tissues

Subcompartmentalization of HIV-1 Quasispecies between Seminal Cells and Seminal Plasma Indicates Their Origin in Distinct Genital Tissues

Viruses in the Mammalian Male Genital Tract and Their Effects on the Reproductive System

Toll-Like Receptor 3 Activation Induces Antiviral Immune Responses in Mouse Sertoli Cells1

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