Presence, Analogy, and<i>Earth in the Balance</i>

Murphy, John M.

doi:10.1080/00028533.1994.11951594

Cited by 14 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…For example, an argument derives presence from stylistic choices (word selection), structural concerns (location in the speech; primacy or recency effects), substantive issues (positions taken), and delivery skills (emphasis, stress, and so on). Form and content intertwine, often indecipherably (Perelman & Olbrechts-Tyteca, 1969), such that Murphy (1994) argues, 'To try to theorize presence is to drain the vitality from the concept' (p. 13). Speakers and speeches will thus vary in their ability to create a sense of presence, and those that do will do so uniquely.…”

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confidence: 99%

Leadership as the Hybrid Production of Presence(s)

2009

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Leader ship scholars and lay actors often attribute a certain presence to great leaders in describing a commanding style or a charismatic personality. However, leader ship presence and its mirror concept, absence, have been difficult concepts for researchers to study. This article proposes to redress this shortcoming using actor-network theory (ANT). In ANT, the focus is on human and nonhuman agents, their hybrid forms, networked social action, and macro acting, the latter of which enables leaders or followers to speak on behalf of their organizations. Together with ANT's emphasis on the role of narrative, this approach directs analysts to the situated construction of actor networks in which leader ship presence or absence is attributed. An emphasis on discourse also shows how various actants are imbued with meaning, enabling analysts to unravel networks and flows of power associated with leader ship presence/absence. Leader ship discourses involving charismatic/transformational leader ship are considered as well as the disaster management networking associated with two US Governors, Arnold Schwarzenegger and Kathleen Blanco, for their respective handling of the California wildfires and hurricane Katrina. In what measure should we attribute agency to nonhumans, how might we articulate their 'purposes', and how might we go about disentangling the autonomy of their impact from the discourses in which they are at once buoyed and constructed? These are horrible questions -but taking a different tack, we might say that these very questions are what should be addressed in relation to human actors. (Michael, 1996: 24) Conventional wisdom has it that great leaders have 'a certain presence' about them. Yet, such a description usually says more about an elusive, ephemeral effect that a leader produces than on specific actions performed or conditions that exist. Leadership scholars and lay actors also attribute presence to great leaders usually as they try to characterize one or more features of a charismatic personality or effective command in crises situations (Conger

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Leadership as the Hybrid Production of Presence(s)

2009

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“…A number of researchers have identified types of questions that lawyers frequently use in court that create difficulties for eyewitnesses (Brennan, 1995; Brennan & Brennan, 1988; Danet, 1980; Danet & Bogoch, 1980; Devlin, 1979; Evans, 1995; Kebbell & Deprez, 1998; Kranat & Westcott, 1994; Murphy, 1994; Perry et al, 1995; Westcott, 1995). For instance, Perry et al (1995) point out that lawyers often ask questions with advanced vocabulary and/or legal terminology (e.g., “Was the perpetrator of the crime occluded by any vehicles?”) or with complex syntax and sentence structures that are difficult to process (e.g., “At any time before or after she cried did the vehicle move either forwards or backwards?”).…”

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Lawyers' questioning: The effect of confusing questions on witness confidence and accuracy.

Kebbell¹,

Johnson²

2000

Law and Human Behavior

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The present study investigated the effect on witness confidence and accuracy of confusing questions often used by attorneys in court. Participants viewed a videotaped film and were individually questioned about the incident 1 week later. Half the participants were asked questions using six categories of confusing questions (negatives, double negatives, leading, multiple questions, complex syntax, and complex vocabulary); the remaining half were asked for the same information using simply phrased equivalents. Confusing questions reduced participant-witnesses' accuracy and suppressed confidence-accuracy relationships compared with the condition where simplified alternatives were asked. Witness performance was impaired by the fact that mock-witnesses rarely asked for a confusing question to be explained or qualified their answers. This experiment demonstrates the importance of ensuring that lawyers ask witnesses simple, clear, questions.

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“…They further explain that "all kinds of literary techniques and a number of rhetorical figures have been developed" so that value can be set "on some aspects of reality rather than others" (p. 289). In a piece which employs presence as a tool for rhetorical analysis, Murphy (1994) alludes to a more performative or embodied understanding of presence when he explains that "presence possesses a kind of magical quality, one difficult to describe in discursive academic language and one that is, perhaps, best represented by the implicit metaphor in its name. An author 'feels' the argument; it almost seems to be in the room" (p. 5).…”

Section: Presence As a Methods For Rhetorical Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“Legal or illegal? Documented or undocumented?” The struggle over Brookhaven'sneighborhood preservation act

Miller

2003

Communication Quarterly

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Presence, Analogy, andEarth in the Balance

Cited by 14 publications

References 13 publications

Leadership as the Hybrid Production of Presence(s)

Leadership as the Hybrid Production of Presence(s)

Lawyers' questioning: The effect of confusing questions on witness confidence and accuracy.

“Legal or illegal? Documented or undocumented?” The struggle over Brookhaven'sneighborhood preservation act

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