Prescription of resistance training for sarcopenic older adults: Does it require specific attention?

Coelho-Júnior, Hélio José; Picca, Anna; Calvani, Riccardo; Marzetti, Emanuele

doi:10.1016/j.arr.2022.101720

Cited by 6 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 81 publications

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“…Altogether, the available evidence suggests that specific strength training protocols may be necessary to improve sarcopenia-related parameters and impact sarcopenia severity [36]. Substantial gains in neuromuscular function have been observed using exercise protocols that involve more sessions per week, with exercise repetitions performed next to failure at moderate-to-high intensity [37][38][39].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Engagement in Aerobic Exercise Is Associated with a Reduced Prevalence of Sarcopenia and Severe Sarcopenia in Italian Older Adults

Coelho-Júnior

Calvani

Picca

et al. 2023

JPM

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The present study was conducted to test the association between adherence to specific exercise modalities and sarcopenia severity in Italian older adults. Data were collected as part of the ongoing Longevity Check-Up 7+ (Lookup 7+) project. Lookup 7+ began in June 2015 and has since been conducted in unconventional settings (e.g., exhibitions, malls, social events) throughout Italy. In the present study, we used data on adults 65 years and older. Sarcopenia was identified according to the simultaneous presence of dynapenia and low appendicular muscle mass. Muscle strength was measured by isometric handgrip and sit-to-stand (STS) testing. Sarcopenia was categorized as severe if participants reported difficulty or inability to walk 400 m. Engagement in running and/or swimming (RS) or strength training with or without stretching (SS) was used to define exercise modalities. Analyses were conducted in 3289 participants (mean age: 72.7 ± 5.7 years; 1814 women). The results of the binary regression showed negative associations between RS and the presence of STS-based sarcopenia in women, and between RS and STS-based severe sarcopenia in men. Collectively, these findings indicate that RS is negatively associated with the presence of sarcopenia in large sample of relatively unselected Italian older adults.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Engagement in Aerobic Exercise Is Associated with a Reduced Prevalence of Sarcopenia and Severe Sarcopenia in Italian Older Adults

Coelho-Júnior

Calvani

Picca

et al. 2023

JPM

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“…Worsening cofactors of age-related muscle wasting include sarcopenia-independent chronic diseases and their extensive pharmacological therapy, as well as chronic low-grade inflammation, insulin resistance, poor nutrition, extended bedrest and the lack of appropriate physical activity levels [9,10,14,348,349]. Thus, to counteract the age-dependent decline in skeletal muscle performance, optimized rehabilitation [350] and appropriate physical exercise regimes, such as moderate resistance exercises [351][352][353], are crucial to minimize oxidative stress and inflammation in sarcopenia [354,355]. Since older adults exhibit a higher rate of protein turnover [356], and an apparent imbalance between accelerated muscle protein breakdown and impaired levels of protein re-synthesis exists in aged muscles [9][10][11], the resulting reduced levels of contractile components in older individuals should be addressed by avoiding a poor diet quality [357][358][359] and instead provide an adequate intake of high-quality protein in the elderly [360][361][362][363].…”

Section: Pathobiological Hallmarks Of Sarcopenia Of Old Agementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therapeutic approaches to attenuate the impact of age-related skeletal muscle degeneration include non-pharmacological interventions, such as lifestyle changes that incorporate regular and appropriate resistance training [351][352][353]541,542], and optimized dietary considerations, including a protein-rich diet and the frequent ingestion of small portions of high-quality food [358][359][360]. Nutritional combinations of Vitamin D, leucine-enriched protein supplements and whey protein were shown to have some effects on building skeletal muscle mass and improve physical functionality of the neuromuscular system [543][544][545][546].…”

Section: Therapeutic Approaches To Counteract Age-related Muscular At...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Fiber-Type Shifting in Sarcopenia of Old Age: Proteomic Profiling of the Contractile Apparatus of Skeletal Muscles

Dowling

Gargan

Swandulla

et al. 2023

IJMS

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The progressive loss of skeletal muscle mass and concomitant reduction in contractile strength plays a central role in frailty syndrome. Age-related neuronal impairments are closely associated with sarcopenia in the elderly, which is characterized by severe muscular atrophy that can considerably lessen the overall quality of life at old age. Mass-spectrometry-based proteomic surveys of senescent human skeletal muscles, as well as animal models of sarcopenia, have decisively improved our understanding of the molecular and cellular consequences of muscular atrophy and associated fiber-type shifting during aging. This review outlines the mass spectrometric identification of proteome-wide changes in atrophying skeletal muscles, with a focus on contractile proteins as potential markers of changes in fiber-type distribution patterns. The observed trend of fast-to-slow transitions in individual human skeletal muscles during the aging process is most likely linked to a preferential susceptibility of fast-twitching muscle fibers to muscular atrophy. Studies with senescent animal models, including mostly aged rodent skeletal muscles, have confirmed fiber-type shifting. The proteomic analysis of fast versus slow isoforms of key contractile proteins, such as myosin heavy chains, myosin light chains, actins, troponins and tropomyosins, suggests them as suitable bioanalytical tools of fiber-type transitions during aging.

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“…Sarcopenia often occurs in the elderly and is characterized by reduced muscle mass, muscle strength weakness, and poor muscle function. 1 It can cause a series of adverse outcomes, including falls, fractures, and disability, further affecting life quality and even leading to death. 2 Therefore, exploring effective strategies for sarcopenia is crucial, wherein the regulation of gut microbiota has great potential.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…With the acceleration of population aging, age and its associated diseases have become a major public health problem in worldwide. Sarcopenia often occurs in the elderly and is characterized by reduced muscle mass, muscle strength weakness, and poor muscle function 1 . It can cause a series of adverse outcomes, including falls, fractures, and disability, further affecting life quality and even leading to death 2 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Faecal microbiota transplantation from young rats attenuates age‐related sarcopenia revealed by multiomics analysis

Shen

Cheng

et al. 2023

J cachexia sarcopenia muscle

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BackgroundGut microbiota plays a key role in the development of sarcopenia via the ‘gut‐muscle’ axis, and probiotics‐based therapy might be a strategy for sarcopenia. Fecal microbiota transplantation from young donors (yFMT) has attracted much attention because of its probiotic function. However, whether or not yFMT is effective for sarcopenia in old recipients is largely unknown. Thus, we aimed to investigate the effect and mechanism of yFMT on age‐related sarcopenia.MethodsThe fecal microbiota of either young (12 weeks) or old (88 weeks) donor rats was transplanted into aged recipient rats for 8 weeks. Then, muscle mass, muscle strength, muscle function, muscle atrophy, and muscle regeneration capacity were measured. Analysis of fecal 16 s rRNA, serum non‐targeted metabolomic, gut barrier integrity, and muscle transcriptome was conducted to elucidate the interaction between gut microbiota and skeletal muscles.ResultsAs evaluated by magnetic resonance imaging examination, grip strength test (P < 0.01), rotarod test (P < 0.05), and exhaustive running test (P < 0.05), we found that yFMT mitigated muscle mass loss, muscle strength weakness, and muscle function impairment in aged rats. yFMT also countered age‐related atrophy and poor regeneration capacity in fast‐ and slow‐switch muscles, which were manifested by the decrease in slow‐switch myofibres (both P < 0.01) and muscle interstitial fibrosis (both P < 0.05) and the increase in the cross‐section area of myofibres (both P < 0.001), fast‐switch myofibres (both P < 0.01), and muscle satellite cells (both P < 0.001). In addition, yFMT ameliorated age‐related dysbiosis of gut microbiota and metabolites by promoting the production of beneficial bacteria and metabolites—Akkermansia, Lactococcus, Lactobacillus, γ‐glutamyltyrosine, 3R‐hydroxy‐butanoic acid, and methoxyacetic acid and inhibiting the production of deleterious bacteria and metabolites—Family_XIII_AD3011_group, Collinsella, indoxyl sulfate, indole‐3‐carboxilic acid‐O‐sulphate, and trimethylamine N‐oxide. Also, yFMT prevented age‐related destruction of gut barrier integrity by increasing the density of goblet cells (P < 0.0001) and the expression levels of mucin‐2 (P < 0.0001) and tight junctional proteins (all P < 0.05). Meanwhile, yFMT attenuated age‐related impairment of mitochondrial biogenesis and function in fast‐ and slow‐switch muscles. Correlation analysis revealed that yFMT‐induced alterations of gut microbiota and metabolites might be closely related to mitochondria‐related genes and sarcopenia‐related phenotypes.ConclusionsyFMT could reshape the dysbiosis of gut microbiota and metabolites, maintain gut barrier integrity, and improve muscle mitochondrial dysfunction, eventually alleviating sarcopenia in aged rats. yFMT might be a new therapeutic strategy for age‐related sarcopenia.

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Prescription of resistance training for sarcopenic older adults: Does it require specific attention?

Cited by 6 publications

References 81 publications

Engagement in Aerobic Exercise Is Associated with a Reduced Prevalence of Sarcopenia and Severe Sarcopenia in Italian Older Adults

Engagement in Aerobic Exercise Is Associated with a Reduced Prevalence of Sarcopenia and Severe Sarcopenia in Italian Older Adults

Fiber-Type Shifting in Sarcopenia of Old Age: Proteomic Profiling of the Contractile Apparatus of Skeletal Muscles

Faecal microbiota transplantation from young rats attenuates age‐related sarcopenia revealed by multiomics analysis

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