Abstract:Se analizó la condición de vulnerabilidad de edificaciones frente al impacto de los incendios forestales en áreas de interfaz localizadas en San José de Maipo, Región Metropolitana, Chile. Para este propósito recopilamos datos de población, estadísticas de incendios, normas de construcción, legislación vigente y en general una extensa red de información desde el año 2000 en adelante. Con estos antecedentes evaluamos las áreas con mayor presencia de viviendas en bosques y las principales normas de construcción … Show more
“…Most standards or recommendations of the different countries indicate different vegetation-free strips around the buildings ( Dennis, 1994 ; Cohen and Butler, 1998 ; NFPA, 2020 ; Nowicki 2002 ; Zárate et al., 2008 ; Pastor et al., 2020 ). Chile has no specific regulation and only considers technical recommendations ( Castillo and Garay, 2020 ), showing a safety distance between 10 m and 30 m based on the surrounding area of the building. The Spanish regulation establishes 10 m of vegetation-free strip in the surrounding flat area of the buildings.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The safety distances and the vegetation surrounding houses differ between the two study areas. Although there are previous tests that support these safety distances, these distances are binding according to national recommendations or regulations ( Castillo and Garay, 2020 ; Pastor et al., 2020 ). Figure 1 Operational priorities in the wildland urban interface in San José de Maipo (Metropolitan Region of Chile).…”
Section: Methodsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…However, these fuel treatments usually present difficulties because they are not necessarily binding with a continuous landscape in which these protection strips are established as conglomerates. The latter is ongoing work to manage vegetation-free spaces on a more expanded landscape scale ( Castillo and Garay, 2020 ).…”
Section: Methodsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Population growth and the growing demand for second homes or recreational homes in forest areas increase the vulnerability to forest fires ( Reams et al., 2005 ; Castillo, 2006 ). When a forest fire spreads into the wildland-urban interface (WUI), people and property are likely to be impacted ( Radeloff et al., 2005 ; Castillo and Garay, 2020 ). The WUI fire problem is not a new issue as evident by the recent wildfire incidents in Australia, the United States of America, Chile, Greece, and Portugal ( Castellnou et al., 2018 ; Castillo et al., 2019 ; Gómez-González et al., 2018 ; Bento-Gonçalves and Vieira, 2020 ).…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The economic losses from fires in the WUI may be very high, particularly in areas with a high density of houses ( Román et al., 2013 ). Generally, the higher the fire intensity is associated with the higher likelihood of impact on buildings ( Cohen, 2008 ; Castillo and Garay, 2020 ). The vulnerability of houses also depends on the vegetation surrounding the buildings and structural factors ( Manzello, 2020 ; Pastor et al., 2020 ).…”
“…Most standards or recommendations of the different countries indicate different vegetation-free strips around the buildings ( Dennis, 1994 ; Cohen and Butler, 1998 ; NFPA, 2020 ; Nowicki 2002 ; Zárate et al., 2008 ; Pastor et al., 2020 ). Chile has no specific regulation and only considers technical recommendations ( Castillo and Garay, 2020 ), showing a safety distance between 10 m and 30 m based on the surrounding area of the building. The Spanish regulation establishes 10 m of vegetation-free strip in the surrounding flat area of the buildings.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The safety distances and the vegetation surrounding houses differ between the two study areas. Although there are previous tests that support these safety distances, these distances are binding according to national recommendations or regulations ( Castillo and Garay, 2020 ; Pastor et al., 2020 ). Figure 1 Operational priorities in the wildland urban interface in San José de Maipo (Metropolitan Region of Chile).…”
Section: Methodsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…However, these fuel treatments usually present difficulties because they are not necessarily binding with a continuous landscape in which these protection strips are established as conglomerates. The latter is ongoing work to manage vegetation-free spaces on a more expanded landscape scale ( Castillo and Garay, 2020 ).…”
Section: Methodsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Population growth and the growing demand for second homes or recreational homes in forest areas increase the vulnerability to forest fires ( Reams et al., 2005 ; Castillo, 2006 ). When a forest fire spreads into the wildland-urban interface (WUI), people and property are likely to be impacted ( Radeloff et al., 2005 ; Castillo and Garay, 2020 ). The WUI fire problem is not a new issue as evident by the recent wildfire incidents in Australia, the United States of America, Chile, Greece, and Portugal ( Castellnou et al., 2018 ; Castillo et al., 2019 ; Gómez-González et al., 2018 ; Bento-Gonçalves and Vieira, 2020 ).…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The economic losses from fires in the WUI may be very high, particularly in areas with a high density of houses ( Román et al., 2013 ). Generally, the higher the fire intensity is associated with the higher likelihood of impact on buildings ( Cohen, 2008 ; Castillo and Garay, 2020 ). The vulnerability of houses also depends on the vegetation surrounding the buildings and structural factors ( Manzello, 2020 ; Pastor et al., 2020 ).…”
Wood industrialization provides a contribution to timber-based building. The Chilean market is based on attributes such as the experience and trust of companies. The sales price, meeting deadlines and quality are attributes that have motivated buyers. There are more attributes to assess that are important for the client and market country: building materials and safety, sustainability, and environmental assessment. Some of these valuations are provided by certifications such as life cycle analysis, reduction of energy, water, gas consumption, thermal, acoustic insulation, fire resistance, etc. The objective is to propose an evaluation tool using sustainability indicators for prefabricated lumber-based buildings, using technical benefits of wood as an option for manufacturing prefabricated structures. They constitute references that can be integrated with international construction standards and with it, a process of improvement of the current standards for the housing solution and protection of the environment. The methodology is based on standards compliance levels, according to current, voluntary, or referential regulations, seeking to differentiate the market offer of prefabricated homes through quality indicators, benchmarking and sustainability. The results are an evaluation model synthesized into three tables according to the category evaluated: materials, products, or structures. It concludes that, to meet demand, the market must adapt its offer to new requirements where it does matter how the housing is produced, not only in the economic aspect, but also its impact on the social aspect and the environment and what it offers in terms of quality of life. The lumber-based building sector needs sustainability attributes indicators to potentiate the companies and start a differentiation business.
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