Preschool physical activity and fitness predicts conceptual, verbal and perceptual skills at school

Reisberg, Kirkke; Riso, Eva‐Maria; Jürimäe, Jaak

doi:10.1080/02640414.2021.1912451

Cited by 8 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…Children wore the triaxial Actigraph GT3X accelerometer (ActiGraph LLC, Pensacola, FL, USA) on the hip for 7 consecutive days during awake time, with the exception for water-related sports and activities [ 8 , 19 , 20 , 21 ]. The accelerometers were set at 15 s epochs.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The accelerometers were set at 15 s epochs. The criteria to include data into the analysis were wear time of at least three days, including one weekend day, with ≥10 h per day of accelerometer use [ 8 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 ]. Nonwearing time (at least 20 min of consecutive readings of zero counts and the night-time periods when the unit was removed) was eliminated from the analysis.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Nonwearing time (at least 20 min of consecutive readings of zero counts and the night-time periods when the unit was removed) was eliminated from the analysis. The cut point for SB was <100 counts per min, and counts of 100 to 1999, 2000 to 3999, and ≥4000 per min were regarded as light PA (LPA), moderate PA (MPA), and vigorous PA (VPA), respectively [ 8 , 19 , 21 , 23 ]. The following equation was used to find average daily values of time spent in every PA level: (weekdays × 5 + weekends × 2)/7 [ 8 , 21 , 24 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The cut point for SB was <100 counts per min, and counts of 100 to 1999, 2000 to 3999, and ≥4000 per min were regarded as light PA (LPA), moderate PA (MPA), and vigorous PA (VPA), respectively [ 8 , 19 , 21 , 23 ]. The following equation was used to find average daily values of time spent in every PA level: (weekdays × 5 + weekends × 2)/7 [ 8 , 21 , 24 ]. We found MVPA by summing MPA and VPA [ 8 , 19 , 21 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The wide range of physical and mental health benefits related to engagement in physical activity (PA) [ 1 , 2 , 3 ] and high levels of physical fitness (PF) [ 1 , 4 , 5 ] in childhood and youth are well known, including higher bone mineral density and greater psychological well-being, prevention of overweight/obesity, metabolic syndrome, and psychological ill-being [ 1 , 3 , 4 , 5 ]. Some proof for the advantageous influence of PA [ 2 , 6 , 7 , 8 ] and PF [ 4 , 8 , 9 ] on cognitive health or academic success can also be found. On the other hand, high sedentary behavior (SB) has been related to a number of health problems [ 10 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Physical Activity, Fitness, and Cognitive Performance of Estonian First-Grade Schoolchildren According Their MVPA Level in Kindergarten: A Longitudinal Study

Reisberg

Riso

Jürimäe

2021

IJERPH

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Little is known about the longitudinal trajectories and associations regarding physical activity (PA), physical fitness (PF), and cognitive skills in childhood. Accelerometer-based PA, sedentary behavior (SB), PF, and cognitive skills were measured in Estonian children (n = 147) in kindergarten (6.6 years) and again at school (7.6 years). Children were subgrouped into lower and upper quartiles by their moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA) at 6.6 years. Children in the upper quartile had lower SB, higher PA, and greater muscular strength. Attending school, MVPA in the lower quartile improved. In both subgroups, most strength values and cognitive skills improved, while balance deteriorated in first grade. In the upper quartile, a greater MPA at 6.6 years predicted lower perceptual skills at 7.6 years. A greater SB at 6.6 years predicted higher verbal skills, light and moderate PA and MVPA, and lower verbal skills at 7.6 years after taking into account confounding factors such as the child’s sex, age, awake wear time (AWT), maternal education, and/or child’s sports participation. A vigorous PA at 6.6 years predicted perceptual (in upper quartile) or verbal (in lower quartile) skills at 7.6 years after controlling for similar confounders. No correlation for PF at 6.6 years and cognitive skills at 7.6 years existed; after adjusting for the above-mentioned confounders relative to upper/lower-limb strength, the 4 × 10 m shuttle run results predicted higher perceptual or verbal skills; static balance and cardiorespiratory fitness predicted lower verbal skills. Cardiorespiratory fitness predicted higher perceptual skills after controlling for sex, age, and AWT. Overall, PA and strength were constantly better and SB lower in the upper quartile, yet the lower quartile demonstrated improved MVPA in first grade, and both subgroups increased most components of their strength and cognitive skills in first grade. Higher levels of VPA at kindergarten predicted either better perceptual or verbal skills in first grade after controlling for confounders; the opposite associations were found for other PA levels and cognitive skills in the higher quartile. PF components at kindergarten predicted either superior or inferior cognitive skills in first grade after adjusting for confounders.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Physical Activity, Fitness, and Cognitive Performance of Estonian First-Grade Schoolchildren According Their MVPA Level in Kindergarten: A Longitudinal Study

Reisberg

Riso

Jürimäe

2021

IJERPH

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The relationship of muscular endurance and coordination and dexterity with behavioral and neuroelectric indices of attention in preschool children

Kao

Tsai

Hsieh

et al. 2022

Sci Rep

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This study investigated the associations of non-aerobic fitness (NAF) and motor competence (MC) with attention in 4–6 year-old preschoolers. The allocation of attentional resources and speed of stimulus categorization were examined using the amplitude and latency of P3 of event-related potentials respectively, while cortical activation related to general attention and task-specific discriminative processes were examined using event-related desynchronization (ERD) at lower (8–10 Hz) and upper (10–12 Hz) alpha frequencies, respectively. Seventy-six preschoolers completed NAF (muscular power, muscular endurance, flexibility, balance) and MC (coordination and dexterity, ball skills, agility and balance) test batteries. Electroencephalogram was recorded while participants performed an auditory oddball task. After controlling for age and MC, muscular endurance was positively related to P3 amplitude. MC and its coordination and dexterity sub-component were positively related to task performance, with higher levels of coordination and dexterity showing an additional association with greater upper alpha ERD between 700 and 1000 ms following stimulus onset after controlling for age and NAF. These findings suggest relationships of NAF and MC with early childhood neurocognitive function. Specifically, muscular endurance is related to the neuroinhibition in facilitating effective allocation of attentional resources to stimulus evaluation while coordination and dexterity are related to cortical activation underlying strategic attentional preparation for subsequent stimulus evaluation.

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The association between the health-related physical fitness and inhibitory control in preschool children

Zhou

Lü

et al. 2022

BMC Pediatr

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Background Inhibitory control develops rapidly during the preschool stage, and development of inhibitory control in this period is significant for the healthy growth of the future. However, most studies paid more attention to children and adolescents in recent years, but less focus on preschool children. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to explore the association between the health-related physical fitness and inhibitory control in preschool children. Methods This cross-sectional study was based on a baseline data from randomized controlled trial by cluster sampling(including 128 preschoolers, 70 boys, 58girls).The health-related physical fitness T-score (HPFT) was obtained by adding standard scores of six indicators: body mass index, handgrip strength, standing long jump, one-leg balance, 2 × 10 m shuttle run test, and 20 m shuttle run test. Inhibitory control was assessed using the flanker task and reflected by reaction time and accuracy. Results A total of 120 preschoolers were included in the final statistical analysis. After adjusting the confounders, HPFT was associated with reaction time (β=-2.49 ms, 95%CI: -4.22, -0.75). Similarly, a negative association was observed between one-leg balance and reaction time (β=-12.04 ms, 95%CI: -18.94, -5.15), and between 20 m shuttle run test and reaction time (β=-23.28 ms, 95%CI: -37.00, -9.56). Compared with the participants in the lowest tertile, HPFT (β=-158.74, 95%CI: -309.63, -7.84), one-leg balance (β=-267.25 ms, 95%CI: -420.71, -113.79) and 20 m shuttle run test (β=-215.58 ms, 95%CI: -374.67, -56.49) were all negatively associated with reaction time of those in the highest tertile. Conclusions Negative relationships between HPFT and RT of the inhibitory control were observed in preschoolers. To have better inhibitory control, it’s suggested that HPFT of preschoolers should be at least 249. These findings are of great significance for the early improvement of HPFT and the development of inhibitory control in preschool children.

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Preschool physical activity and fitness predicts conceptual, verbal and perceptual skills at school

Cited by 8 publications

References 45 publications

Physical Activity, Fitness, and Cognitive Performance of Estonian First-Grade Schoolchildren According Their MVPA Level in Kindergarten: A Longitudinal Study

Physical Activity, Fitness, and Cognitive Performance of Estonian First-Grade Schoolchildren According Their MVPA Level in Kindergarten: A Longitudinal Study

The relationship of muscular endurance and coordination and dexterity with behavioral and neuroelectric indices of attention in preschool children

The association between the health-related physical fitness and inhibitory control in preschool children

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