Preschool Intelligence of Undersized Term Infants

Babson, S. Gorham; Kangas, John

doi:10.1001/archpedi.1969.02100030555009

Cited by 11 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…A significant incidence of problems in the undergrown infant has been noted (Drillien 1964(Drillien , 1968Neligan 1967;Wiener et af. 1968;Babson and Kangas 1969;Wiener 1970). The incidence of handicaps is approximately the same between pre-term appropriate-for-dates infants and weightmatched small-for-dates infants in Drillien 's data (1968), which is confirmed by our own findings.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

Newborn Intensive Care and Long‐term Prognosis

Lubchenco

Bard

Goldman

et al. 1974

Develop Med Child Neuro

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A retrospective follow-up study of low-birthweight children and two control groups was carried out at approximately four years after birth. Children who were born pre-term, with birthweights appropriate-for-dates, were found to have approximately the same incidence of handicap as children who were born at term but were small-for-dates. Furthermore, pre-term infants who were cared for in the intensive care nursery and given intravenous fluid therapy during the first hours after birth had fewer handicaps than those cared for in the regular nursery or those in the intensive care nursery who received

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

Newborn Intensive Care and Long‐term Prognosis

Lubchenco

Bard

Goldman

et al. 1974

Develop Med Child Neuro

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“…The impact of growth retardation on further development is thought to increase with increased prematurity. However, in the literature there is some disagreement about the impact of intrauterine growth retardation on later development (3,6,10,14,20).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Males with Low Birthweight Examined at 18 Years of Age

Nilsen¹,

Finne²,

Bergsjø³

et al. 1984

Acta Paediatrica

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An 18 years follow-up study of 105 males born in 1962/63 with birthweight less than or equal to 2 500 g was made at the military draft board examinations in 1981. The medical and psychological tests were compared to the tests of the total cohort of 35 728 Norwegian conscripts. The early neonatal mortality in the study was 15.2%, and of those examined at 18 years of age was 6.7% unfit for military service, compared to 6.2% in the total cohort. Ten organ systems were analyzed, significantly increased frequency of unfitness being found only for the vision. Intelligence testing was done on 71 of the studied subjects, and the mean was the same as the national average. Children with weight-for-date centile less than 10 at birth had the same general intelligence at 18 years as the national average. However, the weight and height at adult age were significantly correlated to the weight-for-date at birth. The study indicates that those low birthweight children who survived the neonatal period in the beginning of the nineteen-sixties, were except for stature and minor defects of vision, indistinguishable from those of normal birthweight at the age of eighteen.

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“…The main questions upon which our data may throw light are: ( I ) whether Silver-Russell syndrome constitutes an entity clearly separable from the general run of light for dates (LFD) infants with no obvious syndrome diagnosis; (2) if so, whether the syndromes of Silver and Russell should be held separate or combined together; (3) what niay be expected as to prognosis, both for height and for intelligence: (4) whether puberty is normal or abnormal; (5) questions of aetiology and treatment. These will be discussed in order.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Natural History of the Silver-Russell Syndrome: A Longitudinal Study of Thirty-nine Cases

1975

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ExtractThe growth of 39 children with Silver-Russell syndrome has been followed for 1-13 years. Pregnancy and labor were normal; none of the 61 sibs had the syndrome. Height at referral (mean age 4.6 years) averaged 3.6 S D below the mean and remained at this level during subsequent growth. Bone age averaged 69% of normal at referral but caught up by puberty, which occurred at the normal time. Nineteen cases were treated with human growth hormone without lasting effect. There is no clear-cut distinction between the Silver and Russell syndromes; the name should be Silrer-Russell. I t is likely that some 10% of cases have birth weights in the -1.5 to 2 . 0 S D range. SpeculationA detailed longitudinal study of the growth and development of children with the syndromes of Silver and Russell rereals a characteristic growth curve, very little affected by administration of growth hormone; a normal, not advanced, puberty; and a poor outcome.Among children brought to the physician because of short stature there are a number who have a low birth weight for length of gestation. Some of these have recognizable syndromes, such as Turner's, congenital rubella. and de Lange's. Others. often equally recognizable, are short, thin (in the sense of lacking subcutaneous fat), and apparently healthy. They have a characteristic appearance; the face is triangular and small. the ears appear to be set low, the corners of the mouth are frequently turned downwards, and the mandible is small in relation to the maxilla. The fifth fingers are usually short and curved inwards. Although the relation of trunk to limbs is normal, in some of these patients the limbs, trunk. or face show a degree of asymmetry which exceeds the usual limits.These children were first recognized by Silver et al. (37) in 1953, who described two cases, both with characteristic asymmetry. Independently, Russell (33) in 1954 described five similar children of whom only two had asymmetry. In the subsequent literature some authors have separated the cases with asymmetry (Silver's syndrome) from those without it (Russell's syndrome, Russell's intrauterine dwarfism). whereas others have combined them. For reasons discussed below we have placed symmetrical and asymmetrical cases together under the name Silver-Russell syndrome.We have studied longitudinally the growth of 39 children with this.syndrome, measuring them at regular intervals for periods between I and 13 years. Nineteen have been treated for 1 or more years with human growth hormone. In addition, we have reviewed 66 cases reported in the literature up to the end of 1972. (This number excludes those reported by Tanner and H a m (44), which form part of the present series.) SUBJECTS A N D METHODSAmong all children referred to the Growth Disorder Clinic of The Hospital for Sick Children between 1960 and 1974 were 22 boys and 17 girls who satisfied the following three criteria: ( I ) stature 2 S D or more below the 50th percentile for height on the British standards (49); (2) birthweight adjusted for sex, length of ges...

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Preschool Intelligence of Undersized Term Infants

Cited by 11 publications

References 9 publications

Newborn Intensive Care and Long‐term Prognosis

Newborn Intensive Care and Long‐term Prognosis

Males with Low Birthweight Examined at 18 Years of Age

The Natural History of the Silver-Russell Syndrome: A Longitudinal Study of Thirty-nine Cases

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