Presbyopia correction with multifocal contact lenses: Evaluation of silent reading performance using eye movements analysis

Plainis, Sotiris; Ktistakis, Emmanouil

doi:10.1016/j.clae.2023.101853

Cited by 2 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…There is no single optimum threshold, 54 and eye tracking systems use different algorithms. 55 Plainis et al 25 defined fixations as having a duration between 75 and 1000 ms, and used merged fixations <75 ms if they were within a 1 degree area. In a simulated driving environment, Chu et al 23 did not state the spatial threshold, but the minimum duration was 100 ms. Further work could explore the impact of amending the thresholds on fixation detection.…”

Section: Gaze Metrics (Fixation Duration and Head Movements)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Lens design has also been shown to affect reading speed, with faster reading in MFCLs compared to SVCLs (uncorrected for near), and principally driven by faster average fixation duration. 25 Despite MFCLs and PAL spectacles being designed to offer clear vision at all viewing distances, there are relatively few reports in the literature where eye or head movement metrics are investigated across multiple viewing distances. Perhaps due to the additional experimental complexity required to collect measures across multiple distances, published work relating to eye and head movements in presbyopia has largely incorporated either a single viewing distance, such as at near, 24,25 intermediate 22,26 or in some reports, two viewing distances being investigated.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Gaze and behavioural metrics in the refractive correction of presbyopia

Smith,

Maldonado‐Codina,

Morgan

et al. 2024

Ophthalmic Physiologic Optic

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PurposeTo investigate gaze and behavioural metrics at different viewing distances with multifocal contact lenses (MFCLs), single vision contact lenses (SVCLs) and progressive addition lenses (PALs).MethodsFifteen presbyopic contact lens wearers participated over five separate study visits. At each visit, participants were randomly assigned to wear one of five refractive corrections: habitual PAL spectacles, delefilcon A (Alcon Inc.) MFCLs and three separate pairs of delefilcon A single vision lenses worn as distance, intermediate and near corrections. Participants wore a Pupil Core headset to record eye and head movements while performing three visual tasks: reading, visual search and scene observation. Data were investigated using linear regression and post‐hoc testing. Parameters of interest included gaze (fixation duration, head movement) and behavioural (reading speed, reading accuracy, visual search time) metrics.ResultsReading speed in SVCLs was significantly faster than in MFCLs and PAL spectacles (F = 16.3, p < 0.0001). Refractive correction worn did not influence visual search times (F = 0.16, p = 0.85). Fixation duration was significantly affected by the type of visual task (F = 60.2, p < 0.001), and an interaction effect was observed between viewing distance and refractive correction (F = 4.3, p = 0.002). There was significantly more horizontal and vertical head movement (F = 3.2, p = 0.01 and F = 3.3, p = 0.01, respectively) during visual search tasks when wearing PAL spectacles compared to SVCLs or MFCLs.ConclusionThis work showed that the type of refractive correction affects behavioural metrics such as reading speed and gaze behaviour by affecting horizontal and vertical head movements. The findings of this study suggest that under certain conditions, wearers of MFCLs make fewer head movements compared to PAL spectacles. Gaze behaviour metrics offer a new approach to compare and understand contact lens and spectacle performance, with potential applications including peripheral optical designs for myopia management.

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