Prereduction of Chromite Raw Materials by the Höganäs Method

Shotanov, A. E.; Рощин, А. В.; Panfilov, V. P.; Nurgali, N. Z.; Dossekenov, M. S.

doi:10.1007/s11015-022-01400-4

Cited by 2 publications

(10 citation statements)

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“…Figure 1 demonstrates the relationship between the overall power consumption and the degree of pre-reduction in the material for all investigated process schemes, based on the data presented in [14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…2022 Springer Nature. Table 1 results in the calculation of the power consumption as described in [14]. Materials used in [14] have been supplemented by our calculated data on the total power consumption, including the power consumption with a coefficient of efficiency of 40%.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Table 1 results in the calculation of the power consumption as described in [14]. Materials used in [14] have been supplemented by our calculated data on the total power consumption, including the power consumption with a coefficient of efficiency of 40%. The schemes of the metallurgical coke used as reducing agent and fuel for the annealing and sintering processes have been supplemented by the power consumption for coking in accordance with the data described in [15][16][17][18][19][20][21].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It should be noted that the calculation was conducted for Kazakhstan chromites which contain 59.2% chromium oxide, as specified in [14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This suggests that Kazakhstan solid chromites are less effectively reduced compared to South African chromites. Based on the lower iron content of Kazakhstan chromites compared to South African chromites, more stringent reduction conditions would be required to achieve the comparable pre-reduction rates for pre-reduction in South African chromites [14]. Additionally, the use of alternative methods for pre-reduction, such as closed-space reactors, should be explored to avoid the formation of carbon dioxide.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Pilot Tests of Pre-Reduction in Chromium Raw Materials from Donskoy Ore Mining and Processing Plant and Melting of High-Carbon Ferrochromium

Shabanov,

Makhambetov,

Saulebek

et al. 2024

Metals

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Experiments were conducted to pilot the initial reduction in chromium raw materials using the innovative Hoganas technology in a tunnel furnace. To simulate the process, a gas-fired bogie hearth furnace was employed. Technological containers made of silicon carbide crucibles were utilized. Sixteen different combinations of ore and coal mixtures were employed for the initial reduction process. Their total mass was more than 20 tons. Their heat treatment was performed at different temperatures and durations. During the pilot tests, the possibility of achieving chromium metallization was confirmed. Thus, it explains the application of a pre-reduction instead of the sintering or charge heating before the ferrochromium melting, i.e., the power consumption is minimized during the final remelting of the product in DC furnaces. The pilot melting of three batches of the pre-reduced chromium raw materials with various chromium metallization degrees has been tested in the ore-smelting furnace at Zh. Abishev Chemical–Metallurgical Institute (Karaganda). The capacity was 0.2 MVA. To evaluate the technical and economic efficiency of remelting pre-reduced chromium raw materials in commercial DC furnaces, a specific batch of primary ingredients for producing high-carbon ferrochromium, including chromite ore, coke, and quartz flux, was successfully melted in a segregated phase. As a result of the study, it was found that the specific energy consumption for melting high-carbon ferrochromium in the pilot furnace depends on the chromium metallization degree. The researchers tested a range of chromium metallization degrees from 0 to 65% and determined the corresponding specific energy consumption for each degree. Using the data obtained from the study, the researchers were able to assess the melting indexes of high-carbon ferrochromium in a larger 72 MW furnace. They found that by using a pre-reduced product with a chromium metallization degree of 65%, it was possible to reduce the specific energy consumption by half, to around 3.4 MW·h per ton of chromium. Overall, this study highlights the importance of considering the chromium metallization degree when determining the specific energy consumption for melting high-carbon ferrochromium. By optimizing the metallization degree, significant energy savings can be achieved, leading to more efficient and sustainable production processes.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%