Prepubertal Children Exposed to Maternal Gestational Diabetes Have Latent Low-Grade Inflammation

Abstract

Background: Maternal gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and overweight are associated with an increased risk of obesity and the metabolic syndrome in the adult offspring. We studied the influence of maternal GDM on prepubertal children’s height, weight, body mass index (BMI), lipid and glucose metabolism, and low-grade inflammation. Methods: A cohort of 135 prepubertal Caucasian children (age range 4.4–9.7 years) was studied in a controlled cross-sectional study. Seventy-seven children had been exposed to maternal GDM, and 58 children born after a normal pregnancy served as controls. The outcomes were height, weight, BMI, blood pressure, and biochemical markers of glucose and lipid metabolism and inflammation. Results: There were no differences in height, weight, BMI, fasting serum insulin, plasma glucose, lipids, or blood pressure between the study groups. However, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) was significantly higher in the GDM group than in the controls (p = 0.001). Conclusions: Higher hs-CRP as a marker of low-grade inflammation was detected in prepubertal children exposed to maternal GDM, but no differences were seen in height, weight, BMI, or markers of glucose and lipid metabolism compared to control children. This finding may reflect an ongoing process of metabolic changes in children born after a GDM pregnancy.

LncRNA XIST serves as a diagnostic biomarker in gestational diabetes mellitus and its regulatory effect on trophoblast cell via miR-497-5p/FOXO1 axis

“…Meanwhile, GDM might lead to far-reaching problems for newborns and offspring. The children of GDM patients have a raised future risk of undergoing inflammation reaction, obesity, hypothalamus dysplasia, hyperactivity disorder, and neuropsychiatric morbidity (5)(6)(7)(8). High glucose may induce the dysfunction of the placenta, which in turn affects fetal health and even leads to fetal death (9,10).…”

Boys but Not Girls Exposed to Maternal Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Have Unfavorable Fat Distribution

“…We examined a cross-sectional cohort of 134 children (71 boys) born singleton between 2004 and 2008 in Eastern Finland. The study subjects have been described in detail previously [21], but we excluded one child from this series as we had no biochemistry or body composition data. In brief, the children were enrolled according to their mothers' GDM status during the index pregnancy from the birth register of the Kuopio University Hospital.…”

Physical development of newborns born to mothers with different carbohydrate metabolism disorders

“…Полученные нами данные также можно объяснить общностью генетических механизмов СД-2 и ГСД. Сегодня доказано, что развитие СД является следствием генетической предрасположенности к заболеванию [40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48][49][50]. К развитию ГСД и СД-2 причастны полиморфизмы тождественных генов [41][42][43], отвечающих за синтез и секрецию инсулина (INS, KCNJ11, АВСС8, TCF7L2, ND1), связанных с передачей инсулинового сигнала (INSR, IGF2, IRS1), регулирующих углеводный и липидный обмены (PPARG, PPARGC1A, ADRB3, GLUT1, ADIPOQ, FOXC2) и пр.…”