“…Over the past 20 years, and especially more recently, there has been growing concern regarding the welfare of species targeted for tourism (e.g. Johnson and Lavigne, 1999;Semeniuk et al, 2009;Bentz et al, 2016;Senigaglia et al, 2016;Patroni et al, 2019;Simpson et al, 2019;Walker et al, 2019). Moreover, heavy tourism visitation (Plates 1 and 2), now frequently termed over-tourism, has placed additional pressures on nature-based tourism attractions, posing a risk to sustainability (Bentz et al, 2016;Leung et al, 2018;Capocchi et al, 2019).…”