Preparing the U.S. Health Community for Climate Change

Jackson, Richard J.; Shields, Kyra Naumoff

doi:10.1146/annurev.publhealth.29.020907.090755

Cited by 30 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 61 publications

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“…In addition to policies and practices, the recent scientific literature has shown growing interest in assessing ecosystem-based adaptation measures and implementation action plans [44]. The policies of urban public healthrelated urban equity, vulnerability, and environmental sustainability prompted a series of studies on policies and actions to improve the city planning for environmental health protection and communicating the risks of climate change to the public, especially as seen in the clustering from 2007 to 2009 [58][59][60][61][62][63][64][65][66]. …”

Section: Academic Groupingsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of Urban Planning Research for Climate Change

et al. 2017

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This paper identified the research focus and development tendency of urban planning and climate change research from 1990 to 2016 using CiteSpace, which is based on the Web of Science database. Through cluster analysis and a document sorting method, the research direction of city planning and climate change were mainly divided into four academic groupings, 15 clusters with homogenous themes representing the current research focus direction at the sub-level. The detailed study on the framework presented three mainstream developing directions: (1) The index assessment and spatial simulation on the impact of urban spatial systems for climate change have become important methods to identify and improve the adaptability of urban space. (2) Adaptive governance as a bottom-up strategy giving priority to institutional adaptation policy and collaborative polices for responding to climate change has become the hot direction in recent years. (3) The policies of urban public health-related urban equity, vulnerability, and environmental sustainability were addressed especially during the period from 2007 to 2009. Dynamic evolution trends of the research field were discussed: (1) The total numbers of papers in this field increased distinctly between 2005 and 2008, research focus shifted from single-dimension to multi-dimension comprehensive studies, and the humanism tendency was obvious. (2) After 2010, research on multi-level governance and spatial adaptation strategies became the key issues, and a bottom-up level adaptation policies were addressed. Finally, the critical influence of the important literature and the forefront issues of the research field were put forward.

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Section: Academic Groupingsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of Urban Planning Research for Climate Change

et al. 2017

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“…Identifying, prioritizing, and implementing strategies, policies, and measures to address the burden of climate sensitive infectious diseases must be based on an evaluation of the strengths and weaknesses of current policies and measures to address current climate variability and recent climate change (Ebi 2009;Frumkin et al 2008;Jackson and Shields 2008). Because a health ministry, NGOs, and others may have individual or joint responsibility for these programs, representatives from all relevant organizations and institutions should be consulted to determine what is working well, what could be improved, and the capacity of the policies and measures to address possible increases in incidence or changes in the geographic range of the infectious disease of concern.…”

Section: Conducting An Adaptation Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Adaptation options should include strong monitoring and evaluation components to ensure continued effectiveness in a changing climate (Ebi 2009;Frumkin et al 2008;Jackson and Shields 2008). The only difference from monitoring and evaluating of other public health policies and measures is that the effectiveness of adaptation options are likely to change with changing climate and socioeconomic conditions, thus requiring vigilance that these options will continue to provide appropriate levels of infectious disease control.…”

Section: Conducting An Adaptation Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adaptation to the infectious disease impacts of climate change

et al. 2012

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Climate change has the potential to increase the challenge of preventing and controlling outbreaks of infectious diseases. An adaptation assessment is an important aspect of designing and implementing policies and measures to avoid, prepare for, and effectively respond to infectious diseases outbreaks. The main steps in conducting an adaptation assessment include: 1) evaluating the effectiveness of policies and measures that address the burden of climate-sensitive infectious diseases; 2) identifying options to manage the health risks of current and projected climate change; 3) evaluating and prioritizing the options; 4) identifying human and financial resources needs, and possible barriers, constraints, and limits to implementation; and 5) developing monitoring and evaluation programs to ensure continued effectiveness of policies and measures in a changing climate. Optimally, relevant stakeholders are optimally included throughout the adaptation assessment. Although the process of conducting an assessment is similar across nations and regions, the context and content will vary depending on local circumstances, socioeconomic conditions, legal and regulatory frameworks, and other factors. The European Centers for Disease Prevention and Control developed guidelines for conducting assessments, with sufficient consistency to facilitate learning lessons across assessments.

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“…[141][142][143][144][145] A recent review called for a robust national initiative, including emergency preparedness and provider training in affected medical specialties. 138 The primary care specialties of family practice, internal medicine, pediatrics, and geriatrics are all likely to be impacted. 145 Psychiatry, infectious disease, urology, pulmonology, and critical care are also likely to experience rising clinical demands.…”

Section: Health System Prevention and Preparednessmentioning

confidence: 99%

Climate Change and Emergency Medicine: Impacts and Opportunities

Hess

Heilpern

Davis

et al. 2009

Academic Emergency Medicine

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There is scientific consensus that the climate is changing, that human activity plays a major role, and that the changes will continue through this century. Expert consensus holds that significant health effects are very likely. Public health and health care systems must understand these impacts to properly pursue preparedness and prevention activities. All of medicine will very likely be affected, and certain medical specialties are likely to be more significantly burdened based on their clinical activity, ease of public access, public health roles, and energy use profiles. These specialties have been called on to consider the likely impacts on their patients and practice and to prepare their practitioners. Emergency medicine (EM), with its focus on urgent and emergent ambulatory care, role as a safety-net provider, urban concentration, and broad-based clinical mission, will very likely experience a significant rise in demand for its services over and above current annual increases. Clinically, EM will see amplification of weather-related disease patterns and shifts in disease distribution. In EM's prehospital care and disaster response activities, both emergency medical services (EMS) activity and disaster medical assistance team (DMAT) deployment activities will likely increase. EM's public health roles, including disaster preparedness, emergency department (ED)-based surveillance, and safety-net care, are likely to face increasing demands, along with pressures to improve fuel efficiency and reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Finally, EM's roles in ED and hospital management, particularly related to building and purchasing, are likely to be impacted by efforts to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and enhance energy efficiency. Climate change thus presents multiple clinical and public health challenges to EM, but also creates numerous opportunities for research, education, and leadership on an emerging health issue of global scope. ACADEMIC EMERGENCY MEDICINE 2009; 16:782-794 ª 2009 by the Society for Academic Emergency MedicineKeywords: emergency medicine, emergency services, hospital, emergency medical services, disaster planning, climate, weather, greenhouse effect, health policy T here is abundant evidence and clear consensus among climate scientists that human activity is changing the world's climate. Lay opinion in the United States has begun to reflect this concern. Projections for future climate change include a global average surface temperature rise of 1.8 to 4.0°C, sea level rise of 0.18 to 0.59 m, and significantly increased weather variability.1 These changes will very likely have net negative health effects through a range of direct and indirect exposures, both globally and in the United States, and place greater demands on acute care, disaster response, and public health services. 2,3 These increased demands are likely to burden health care generally and emergency medicine (EM) in several areas specifically. EM's clinical care mission is very likely to be influenced as the populations at gre...

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Preparing the U.S. Health Community for Climate Change

Cited by 30 publications

References 61 publications

A Review of Urban Planning Research for Climate Change

A Review of Urban Planning Research for Climate Change

Adaptation to the infectious disease impacts of climate change

Climate Change and Emergency Medicine: Impacts and Opportunities

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