Preparing the foundation for stable gilding: Scientific evaluation of the durability of Baroque gesso gilding grounds

Cardoso, Isabel Pombo; Pye, Elizabeth

doi:10.1016/j.jas.2017.01.014

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Esta operação parece justificar-se dadas as irregularidades do suporte de madeira e o não alinhamento perfeito entre as peças constituintes. Outra justificação para a utilização deste material poderá ter sido a intenção de produzir um sistema de multicamada que melhor protegesse a policromia dos movimentos naturais do suporte [30], ou ainda de produzir uma superfície com textura. É importante referir que não foi possível concluir se o desalinhamento das peças de madeira, assim como a utilização da massa de preenchimento, são características originais ou se ocorreram numa fase posterior de reutilização do objeto.…”

Section: A Preparação Do Suporte Pictóricounclassified

The Egyptian coffin from the Archaeological Museum of Carmo: material and technical study

et al. 2022

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The material and technical study of the anthropomorphic coffin (No. Inv. MAC/MUM.1) belonging to the Archaeological Museum of Carmo, in Lisbon, Portugal, carried out by an interdisciplinary team, sought to complete the existing textual and iconographic study on the same coffin, as well as rectify and complete the data from another partial technical study. According to previous studies, the coffin was produced between the Low Period and the beginning of the Ptolemaic period (6th to 2nd centuries BCE), possibly in Akhmim. This work presents results regarding the coffin’s wooden support and polychromy, as well as its current state of conservation. It involved the macro and microscopic examination of the object and the analytical characterization of micro-samples by XRF, Raman spectroscopy, FTIR-ATR, and SEM. The materials identified both in polychromy and in the production of the support indicate the use of materials traditional from the Pharaonic Egypt.

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Section: A Preparação Do Suporte Pictóricounclassified

The Egyptian coffin from the Archaeological Museum of Carmo: material and technical study

et al. 2022

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“…These methods include, as in all the cases mentioned before, the frequent use of gypsum and lime plasters as ground layers. The critical functions of ground layers are to prepare the surface to receive the decoration, to produce a high quality decoration as well as to promote its durability [3][4].…”

Section: Evidence Of Transference Of Practicesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This particle shape and size also increases the plasticity of the paste, improving its workability; it speeds the carbonation rate, as well as increasing the final strength of the mortar [6,[79][80]. The slaking process is also used for producing gesso mate powders in order to achieve extremely small and lamellar gypsum particles which have a vital impact on quality and durability of gilded and polychrome surfaces, although through different mechanisms [2][3][4].…”

Section: Evidence Of Transference Of Practicesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These southern European gilding grounds, gesso grounds, are commonly made of gypsum based materials (as aggregates) mixed with size glue (as binder) and typified by a double-layered structure. These materials and practices used to produce them were clearly aimed at obtaining long lasting and high quality gilded surfaces due to the importance of these religious objects [1][2][3][4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Preparing the foundation for stable gilding: the origins of materials and practices – a review

Cardoso

2019

Cons. Património

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This paper is the fifth of a series and focuses on tracing the history of the use of gypsum based products as well as of the use of ground layers, centred on a review of published analytical evidence. The purpose is to contribute for the understanding of these long traditions which led to the choice of specific materials and practices used for producing gilding grounds in southern Europe. In fact, several practices and the raw material gypsum used in gilded surfaces do have an extremely long tradition, which can be traced back to the Pre-Pottery Neolithic B. The systematic use of these materials, especially the use of ground layers for decoration and other purposes, suggests not only an intention but also, somehow, the notion of a complex concept, the concept of a composite material, even at these very early periods, from which gilding origins. In addition, the particular case of Portugal shows that aspects such as religious, political, and sociocultural influences played a central role in the choice of gypsum as the raw material, which was curiously used exclusively for gilding. Resumo Este artigo, o quinto de uma série, explora a história da utilização do gesso e de camadas de preparação, baseado numa revisão de literatura com evidência analítica. O objectivo é contribuir para a compreensão destas longas tradições que estão na génese da escolha de materiais e de práticas específicas utilizadas para produzir camadas de preparação de douramento no sul da Europa. De facto, a utilização do gesso como matéria-prima bem como de certas práticas, associadas à produção de superfícies douradas, tem uma tradição extremamente longa identificando-se já no Neolítico Pré-cerâmico B. O uso sistemático desses materiais, especialmente na produção de camadas de preparação, para decoração ou outros propósitos, indiciam não só uma intenção mas também, de alguma forma, a noção de um conceito complexo, o conceito de material compósito, mesmo nestes períodos tão remotos. Por outro lado, o caso particular de Portugal revela que razões religiosas, políticas, assim como influências socioculturais, desempenharam um papel central na escolha do gesso como matéria-prima, curiosamente utilizado em exclusivo no douramento.

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Gessoes in Portuguese Baroque Gilding Grounds: Part 2: Analytical Study of Historical Samples and Archaeological Reconstructions

Cardoso

Pye

2017

Studies in Conservation

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Preparing the foundation for stable gilding: Scientific evaluation of the durability of Baroque gesso gilding grounds

Cited by 6 publications

References 31 publications

The Egyptian coffin from the Archaeological Museum of Carmo: material and technical study

The Egyptian coffin from the Archaeological Museum of Carmo: material and technical study

Preparing the foundation for stable gilding: the origins of materials and practices – a review

Gessoes in Portuguese Baroque Gilding Grounds: Part 2: Analytical Study of Historical Samples and Archaeological Reconstructions

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