Preparedness functions in disaster: lesson learned from Tehran dust storm 2014

Fatemi, Farin; Moslehi, Shandiz; Ardalan, Ali

doi:10.1007/s11069-015-1601-5

Cited by 15 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…The Iran Meteorological Organization (IMO) did not succeed in timely predicting the past few natural disasters, such as the Tehran dust storm in 2014 or the Golestan flash floods in 2001 and 2002. 1,2 But, fortunately, the government's weather forecasts operated quickly during the April 2016 flash floods. The IMO cautioned about the occurrence of a flood in the western and south-western provinces 7 days before.…”

Section: Warning and Event Confirmationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Response Functions in Disasters: Iran Flash Flood 2016

Dizaji

Ardalan

Fatemi

2019

Disaster med. public health prep.

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Objective:Heavy rain and flash flooding left behind a trail of disaster in the western and south-western provinces of Iran in April 2016. The purpose of this study is to highlight the response functions that should be undertaken when such disasters strike.Methods:Secondary data, such as documents, organizational reports, and forms completed during response to the flood visits, were the methods of data collection in this study. Then, collected data were analyzed according to the response functions to disasters.Results:The study found that a strong disaster response function was the early warning system, by the Iran Meteorological Organization, announced 1 week before the flood. Weaker functions were the lack of coordination among response organizations and the lack of a safety officer in the Incident Command System structure during the flash flood.Conclusions:The list of the disaster response functions identified by this study should aid the decision makers and first responders in facing natural or man-made disasters and enable them to better prepare for response functions in the future disasters.

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Section: Warning and Event Confirmationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Response Functions in Disasters: Iran Flash Flood 2016

Dizaji

Ardalan

Fatemi

2019

Disaster med. public health prep.

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“…Among the continents, Asia has shown to suffer from the number of both disasters and affected people . Iran, being exposed to a wide range of natural and man‐made hazards, has been one of the most disaster‐prone countries among the Asian nations and even in the world . Accordingly, Iran's Disaster Risk Index (DRI) is estimated to be six out of seven …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Leadership in limbo: Characteristics of successful incident commanders in health sector of a disaster‐prone country

Nasiri

Aryankhesal

Khankeh

2019

Health Planning & Management

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Summary Objective Iran, as one of the most disaster‐prone countries in the world, is exposed to a wide range of hazards. Hence, the health sector should be prepared to deal with the consequences of emergencies. This study aimed to explore Iranian disaster management status and to identify the necessary characteristics of successful incident commanders in this field. Methods A qualitative content analysis was designed using in‐depth semi‐structured interviews with 30 commanders and experts, selected by purposeful sampling, who had first‐hand experiences in managing health disasters. Field notes, formal institutional reports, and photos were employed as well. Verbatim transcribed interviews and other data sources were analyzed using constant comparison method. Ethical issues were considered carefully throughout the study process. Results Two main themes were developed: The first theme, "limbo situation," as expression of the problem describes inadequacies and complexities of disaster management in Iranian health sector, including seven categories. The second theme was "effective disaster leadership" consisting of "commanders' traits" and "commanders' competencies" as subthemes. Conclusions The study demonstrated the chaotic feature of disaster management in Iran and probably some other developing countries, with crucial and unclear role of field commanders. Working under stress, time pressure, uncertainty, and management of paradoxes needs timely and on‐field decision making. This study revealed that Iranian health sector incident commanders should be transformational leaders with the ability of influencing subordinate staff and have Janusian thinking skills for overcoming the existing limbo situation.

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“…The initial analysis of the Tehran dust storm on 2 June 2014 was published in the news and later in [15], providing a qualitative description of the storm, its timing, duration, and impacts, which will be given in the following section where analysis is carried out.…”

Section: Observed Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The estimated duration of the whole event was about 2 h. The dust storm caused a reduction in visibility to about 10 m in Tehran city; wind gusts reached 110 km/h (30.5 m/s), and measured temperature dropped from 33 • C to 18 • C. The damage the storm caused in Tehran, besides demolition, was 5 deaths, 82 injured, multiple vehicle collisions, and about 50,000 residential units lost power. Over 7000 emergency workers were deployed within the hour for field interventions and transport of the injured to hospitals [15]. A photo of the dust storm when it entered the Tehran city is given in Figure 5.…”

Section: Description Of the Dust Storm From Public Evidencementioning

confidence: 99%

“…A dust storm on 2 June 2014 that surged through Tehran was a kind of short-lived hazard that reduced visibility to zero, disabled traffic, caused power shutdowns, and caused deaths and injuries. The unpreparedness of the citizens and emergency response teams has raised the issue of making improvements to early warning systems since, for this event, a warning was issued just prior to its arrival [15]. From an extensive observational study [16], the main features of the atmospheric conditions that led to the Tehran dust storm formation were defined, and this dust storm was classified as a 'haboob'.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Numerical Simulation of Tehran Dust Storm on 2 June 2014: A Case Study of Agricultural Abandoned Lands as Emission Sources

Vimić

Cvetković²,

Giannaros

et al. 2021

Atmosphere

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On 2 June 2014, at about 13 UTC, a dust storm arrived in Tehran as a severe hazard that caused injures, deaths, failures in power supply, and traffic disruption. Such an extreme event is not considered as common for the Tehran area, which has raised the question of the dust storm’s origin and the need for increasing citizens’ preparedness during such events. The analysis of the observational data and numerical simulations using coupled dust-atmospheric models showed that intensive convective activity occurred over the south and southwest of Tehran, which produced cold downdrafts and, consequently, high-velocity surface winds. Different dust source masks were used as an input for model hindcasts of the event (forecasts of the past event) to show the capability of the numerical models to perform high-quality forecasts in such events and to expand the knowledge on the storm’s formation and progression. In addition to the proven capability of the models, if engaged in operational use to contribute to the establishment of an early warning system for dust storms, another conclusion appeared as a highlight of this research: abandoned agricultural areas south of Tehran were responsible for over 50% of the airborne dust concentration within the dust storm that surged through Tehran. Such a dust source in the numerical simulation produced a PM10 surface dust concentration of several thousand μm/m3, which classifies it as a dust source hot-spot. The produced evidence indivisibly links issues of land degradation, extreme weather, environmental protection, and health and safety.

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Preparedness functions in disaster: lesson learned from Tehran dust storm 2014

Cited by 15 publications

References 5 publications

Response Functions in Disasters: Iran Flash Flood 2016

Response Functions in Disasters: Iran Flash Flood 2016

Leadership in limbo: Characteristics of successful incident commanders in health sector of a disaster‐prone country

Numerical Simulation of Tehran Dust Storm on 2 June 2014: A Case Study of Agricultural Abandoned Lands as Emission Sources

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