Preparedness and Knowledge Level of Family Physicians Regarding Anaphylaxis Diagnosis and Management

Abstract

Objective: Anaphylaxis is under-recognized and undertreated by physicians, indicating critical knowledge gaps. This study aimed to assess the knowledge levels of anaphylaxis among family physicians (FPs) as they are the primary first-line healthcare providers and identify the factors influencing their knowledge levels. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study using an internet-based Google Forms questionnaire was conducted among voluntary FPs in Sivas, Turkey. Demographic features, including age, years in practice, career position, and knowledge related to the diagnosis and management of anaphylaxis in children were assessed. Results: A total of 149 FPs participated in the survey (34 [24.3%] general practitioners [GPs], 20 [14.3%] contracted family physicians [CFPs], 74 [52.9%] residents in training [RITs], and 12 [8.6%] specialists). The number of participants who correctly answered all questions regarding diagnosis, acute treatment, and epinephrine auto-injector use was 11 (7.9%), 52 (37.4%), and 27 (19.3%), respectively. In diagnosing anaphylaxis, 100 (72.5%) participants were unaware that anaphylaxis can occur without skin manifestations, and only 48 (34.8%) identified gastrointestinal symptoms as a possible anaphylaxis presentation. RITs (11, 14.9%) and specialists (2, 16.7%) had better performance on the questionnaire, with higher proportions of participants who answered all questions correctly, compared to GPs (2, 5.9%) and CFPs (1, 5.0%). Attendance at an educational activity in the last year was the only independent factor associated with answering all questionnaire items correctly. Conclusion: There is a need to improve anaphylaxis recognition and management among all FPs regardless of their career position and work experience, underlining the importance of regular and updated educational interventions.