Preparatory inhibition: Impact of choice in reaction time tasks

Quoilin, Caroline; Fievez, Fanny; Duqué, Julie

doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2019.04.016

Cited by 30 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…When elicited at TMS BASELINE-IN , MEPs equaled 1.64 ± 0.34 mV and 1.06 ± 0.21 mV in the corresponding groups. In line with previous studies ( 8 , 17 , 55 ), MEPs were globally larger at TMS BASELINE-IN relative to TMS BASELINE-OUT (F1,24 = 39.14; p < 0.001), reflecting an increase in the level of CSE in the context of the task. However, consistent with the significant GROUP X TMS-TIMING interaction (F1,24 = 8.07; p < 0.01) and as shown on Figure 4 , this increase was more pronounced in controls (p < 0.001) than in GDPs (p < 0.05).…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 92%

“…In fact, the only group difference that we found during the rolling ball task concerns MEPs elicited during the inter-trial interval, at TMS BASELINE-IN . In both groups, these MEPs were larger than those elicited outside the blocks, at TMS BASELINE-OUT , in agreement with previous studies ( 17 , 55 , 63 ). Yet, this increase was more pronounced in HCs than in GDPs.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

“…Participants performed an instructed-delay choice RT task, which was implemented with Matlab 7.5 (Mathworks, Natick, Massachusetts, USA) using the Psychophysics Toolbox extensions ( 53 , 54 ). It consists in a virtual “rolling ball” game previously used in other studies [ ( 8 , 9 , 17 , 55 ); see Figure 1A ]. In this task, a ball and a goal appear on a computer screen and participants must virtually “shoot the ball into the goal” by performing an abduction movement with the left or right index finger, which requires the activation of the left or right first dorsal interosseous (FDI) muscle, respectively.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Considering Motor Excitability During Action Preparation in Gambling Disorder: A Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Study

2020

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A lack of inhibitory control appears to contribute to the development and maintenance of addictive disorders. Among the mechanisms thought to assist inhibitory control, an increasing focus has been drawn on the so-called preparatory suppression, which refers to the drastic suppression observed in the motor system during action preparation. Interestingly, deficient preparatory suppression has been reported in alcohol use disorders. However, it is currently unknown whether this deficit also concerns behavioral, substance-free, addictions, and thus whether it might represent a vulnerability factor common to both substance and behavioral addictive disorders. To address this question, neural measures of preparatory suppression were obtained in gambling disorder patients (GDPs) and matched healthy control subjects. To do so, single-pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation was applied over the left and the right motor cortex to elicit motor-evoked potentials (MEPs) in both hands when participants were performing a choice reaction time task. In addition, choice and rapid response impulsivity were evaluated in all participants, using self-report measures and neuropsychological tasks. Consistent with a large body of literature, the MEP data revealed that the activity of the motor system was drastically reduced during action preparation in healthy subjects. Surprisingly, though, a similar MEP suppression was observed in GDPs, indicating that those subjects do not globally suffer from a deficit in preparatory suppression. By contrast, choice impulsivity was higher in GDPs than healthy subjects, and a higher rapid response impulsivity was found in the more severe forms of GD. Altogether, those results demonstrated that although some aspects of inhibitory control are impaired in GDPs, these alterations do not seem to concern preparatory suppression. Yet, the profile of individuals suffering of a GD is very heterogeneous, with only part of them presenting an impulsive disposition, such as in patients with alcohol use disorders. Hence, a lack of preparatory suppression may be only shared by this sub-type of addicts, an interesting issue for future investigation.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Considering Motor Excitability During Action Preparation in Gambling Disorder: A Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Study

2020

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“…Inhibitory control is particularly strong in stop-signal tasks where the successful suppression of actions following stop signals relies on a decrease in the excitability of the CS tract ( Duque et al, 2017 , Wessel et al, 2013 , Wessel and Aron, 2017 ). Interestingly, not only stopping but also preparing motor acts is associated with a robust CS suppression ( Duque et al, 2017 , Duque et al, 2012 , Duque et al, 2010 ), a phenomenon referred to as preparatory suppression (or inhibition) ( Derosiere, 2018 , Duque et al, 2017 , Greenhouse et al, 2015b , Hasbroucq et al, 1997 , Labruna et al, 2019 , Quoilin et al, 2019 , Vassiliadis et al, 2018 , Wilhelm et al,2017 ). An advantage of the latter measure of inhibitory control is that it is obtained in a context that is quite representative of everyday life (we continuously need to prepare actions and avoid selecting inappropriate ones) while stop-signal tasks are more artificial: most situations require inhibitory control to be internally generated, in the absence of explicit stop-signals.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A TMS study of preparatory suppression in binge drinkers

Grandjean

Duqué

2020

NeuroImage: Clinical

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Highlights Normally, action preparation involves a global suppression of motor activity. Such preparatory suppression is deficient in alcohol-dependent patients. Binge drinking may represent a first step toward alcohol-use disorder. Here, we tested whether binge drinkers also display altered preparatory suppression. Our results indicate abnormally high motor preparatory activity in binge drinkers.

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“…Importantly, it had no choice element so that participants knew in advance exactly what was required on each trial. This removes the necessity for conflict resolution (see also Quoilin et al 2019) and focuses the question on whether preparatory inhibition is preventing (premature release) or aiding movement ("spotlight hypothesis" or "orthogonal activity" as suggested by Hannah et al (2018)).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Premovement suppression of corticospinal excitability may be a necessary part of movement preparation

Ibáñez

Hannah

Rocchi

et al. 2018

Preprint

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In a warned reaction time (RT) task, corticospinal excitability (CSE) decreases in taskrelated muscles at the time of the imperative signal (preparatory inhibition). Because RT tasks emphasise speed of response, it is impossible to distinguish whether preparatory inhibition reflects a mechanism preventing premature reactions, or whether it is an inherent part of movement preparation. We used transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) to study CSE changes preceding RT movements and movements that were either selfpaced (SP) or performed at predictable times to coincide with an external event (PT).Results show that CSE changes over a similar temporal profile in all cases, suggesting that preparatory inhibition is a necessary state in planned movements allowing the transition between rest and movement. Additionally, TMS given shortly before the times to move speeded the onset of movements in both RT and SP contexts, suggesting that their initiation depends on a form of trigger that can be conditioned by external signals.On the contrary, PT movements do not show this effect, suggesting the use of a mechanistically different triggering strategy. This relative immunity of PT tasks to be biased by external events may reflect a mechanism that ensures priority of internal predictive signals to trigger movement onset.

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Preparatory inhibition: Impact of choice in reaction time tasks

Cited by 30 publications

References 49 publications

Considering Motor Excitability During Action Preparation in Gambling Disorder: A Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Study

Considering Motor Excitability During Action Preparation in Gambling Disorder: A Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Study

A TMS study of preparatory suppression in binge drinkers

Premovement suppression of corticospinal excitability may be a necessary part of movement preparation

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