Preparative chromatographic resolution of racemates on chiral stationary phases on laboratory and production scales by closed-loop recycling chromatography

Chiral separation by chromatographic and electromigration techniques. A Review

“…A recent review [264] summarizes the applications of preparative LC. One technique, which allows separation of enantiomers at a 100 g scale is the batch chromatographic mode [265]. This technique uses columns with an internal diameter between 5 and 30 cm.…”

“…This technique uses columns with an internal diameter between 5 and 30 cm. To increase sample throughput, techniques such as overlapping injections, peak shaving and recycling have been applied [265].…”

Separation of Chiral Compounds on Polysaccharide Columns

“…Polysaccharide-based CSPs have been used prominently with several special chromatographic process modes to enhance productivity in large-scale enantiomeric separations [5,221,[226][227][228][229][230][231][232][233][234][235]. These techniques include stacked injections on batch columns, recycling and peak shaving, steady-state recycling (SSR), and simulated moving-bed (SMB) chromatography.…”

Separation of (R)- and (S)-tert-butyl 2-tert-butyl-4-methoxy-2,5-dihydro-1,3-imidazole-1-carboxylate (building block for amino acid synthesis) by preparative high performance liquid chromatography on a polysaccharide stationary phase

“…In addition, the technology is now well established, as has been demonstrated for the resolution of enantiomers with repetitive injection mode, 7,12 recycling, 13 and simulated moving bed [14][15][16][17] chromatography. In particular, CSPs derived from cellulose or amylose (well known under their trade names Chiralcel and Chiralpak) have been successfully used for the separation of preparative amounts of racemic compounds.…”