Preparation, thermal stability and decomposition routes of clay/Triton-X100 composites

Breen, Christopher; Thompson, G.H.B.; Webb, M.

doi:10.1039/a907860f

Cited by 23 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…This could be due to the fact that the molecule of TX100 is too big to intercalate between the interlayer space; therefore, expansion of the interlayer space was not significant, and the modification of bentonite with TX100 was seen mostly on the surface. This result is consistent with the results reported by Breen et al [49], who did not observe a significant change in basal spacing of montmorillonite after absorption of TX100.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 94%

“…Nonionic surfactants are rarely used in the modification of clay minerals; nevertheless, the properties of such hybrid materials are highly promising [1,11,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47]. In addition, t -octylphenoxypolyethoxyethanol (Triton X-100 (TX100)) is one of the most popular nonionic surfactants in terms of clay modification [11,48,49,50,51,52,53]; however, the interaction of bentonite with TX100 has not been studied extensively.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Modification of Bentonite with Cationic and Nonionic Surfactants: Structural and Textural Features

Andrunik¹,

Bajda²

2019

Materials

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Surfactant-modified clay minerals are known for their good sorption properties of both organic and inorganic compounds from aqueous solutions. However, the current knowledge regarding the effect of both cationic and nonionic surfactants on the properties of bentonite is still insufficient. Bentonite, with montmorillonite as the base clay, was modified with hexadecethyltrimethylammonium bromide (a cationic surfactant) in the amount of 1.0 cation exchange capacity (CEC) of bentonite and varying concentrations of t-octylphenoxypolyethoxyethanol (Triton X-100, a nonionic surfactant). We aimed to improve the understanding of the effect of nonionic and cationic surfactants on clay minerals. The modified bentonites were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis/differential thermal analysis (TG/DTA), Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (FTIR), field emission scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and specific surface area and pore volume (BET). According to our results, the presence of a cationic surfactant significantly increased the amount of the adsorbed nonionic surfactant. Moreover, an increase in the concentration of nonionic surfactants is also associated with an increase in the effectiveness of the modification process. Our results indicate that the amount of nonionic surfactant used has a significant effect on the properties of the obtained hybrid material. Modification of bentonite with a nonionic surfactant did not cause an expansion of the interlayer space of smectite, regardless of the presence of a cationic surfactant. The modification process was found to significantly decrease the specific surface area of bentonite. Improvement of hydrophobic properties and thermal stability was also observed.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 94%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modification of Bentonite with Cationic and Nonionic Surfactants: Structural and Textural Features

Andrunik¹,

Bajda²

2019

Materials

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“…For the longer-chain derivatives, the amount of end-groups enriched in the interlayer space is too small to exert deviations of the basal spacing from 1.7 nm.) The formation of helical arrangements cannot be excluded (Aranda & Ruiz-Hitzky, 1992, 1999Wu & Lerner, 1993;Billingham et al, 1997;Breen et al, 1998Breen et al, , 1999Sonon & Thompson, 2005;Deng et al, 2003Deng et al, , 2006. As the basal spacing of the Ca 2+ -montmorillonite particles in water is comparable to the basal spacing required for poly(ethylene oxide) intercalation (~1.7 nm), sterical hindrance does not impede interlamellar poly(ethylene oxide) adsorption.…”

Section: Fig 3 Fields Of Sol and Flocs For Ca 2+ -Montmorillonitementioning

confidence: 99%

Surface modification of bentonites. V. Sol-gel transitions of Ca-montmorillonite in the presence of cationic end-capped poly(ethylene oxides)

Lagaly

Ziesmer

2007

Clay miner.

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The colloidal state of aqueous Ca2+-montmorillonite dispersions was modified with three types of cationic end-capped poly(ethylene oxides). The macromolecules were not only adsorbed at the external surfaces but were also intercalated into the dispersed montmorillonite particles. The amounts adsorbed and the basal spacings (~1.7 nm) were comparable to the corresponding Na+-montmorillonite dispersions. The poly(ethylene oxides) protruding out of the interlayer spaces or adsorbed at the external surface determined the colloidal behaviour of the dispersions. The phase diagrams (sol-gel diagrams) of the Ca2+-montmorillonite dispersions differed from those of the corresponding Na+-montmorillonite because of the different colloidal states of both dispersions (Ca2+-montmorillonite particles vs. delaminated Na+-montmorillonite). The phase diagrams of the poly(ethylene oxide) containing Ca2+-montmorillonite dispersions showed fields of sol and flocs. Attractive gels were formed in a few cases only (TMA+-PEO 1500 and 4000, THA2+-PEO 1500, 4000 and 20,000) and with distinctly lower gel strength than in the presence of Na+ ions. On the basis of the sol-gel diagrams, conditions (type and concentration of poly(ethylene oxides), montmorillonite content) can be selected which lead to peptization of the Ca2+-montmorillonite particles into stable colloidal dispersions (sols). Addition of cationic poly(ethylene oxides) can enhance the salt tolerance up to 1000 mmol/l NaCl.

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“…The negative charges at both ends of the PEO chain do not impede or reduce the adsorption on Na-and Ca-montmorillonite. The reason is the optimal fit between the ethylene oxide groups and the surface oxygen atoms which causes strong van der Waals interactions between the ethylene oxide segments and the silicate layers (Lagaly & Ziesmer, 2006) (Parfitt & Greenland, 1970;Zhao et al, 1989;Ruiz-Hitzky & Aranda, 1990;Aranda & Ruiz-Hitzky, 1992, 1999Ruiz-Hitzky, 1993;Breen et al, 1998Breen et al, , 1999Bujdák et al, 2000;Smalley et al, 2001;Strawhecker & Manias, 2003;Deng et al, 2003Deng et al, , 2006Sonon & Thompson, 2005). We calculated that approximately half of the total amount of ethylene oxide units of the adsorbed cationic PEOs were intercalated.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Surface modification of bentonites. VI. Sol-gel transitions of sodium and calcium montmorillonite dispersions in the presence of anionic end-capped poly(ethylene oxides)

Ziesmer

Lagaly

2007

Clay miner.

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Poly(ethylene oxides) (PEOs) with sulphonate groups attached at both chain ends (S-PEOs) were strongly adsorbed by dispersed Na- and Ca-montmorillonite particles. The amounts adsorbed were very similar to those of cationic end-capped poly(ethylene oxides). In both cases bilayers of PEO chains were intercalated so that the basal spacing of the particles reached the same plateau values of ~1.73 nm. In contrast, the influence of anionic PEOs on the colloidal behaviour of the Na- and Ca-montmorillonite dispersions was very different from the effect of the cationic PEOs. The shorter chain S-PEOs (S-PEO 1500, 4000) destabilized the Na-montmorillonite dispersions by coagulation due to the Na+ ions introduced as counterions to the S-PEOs. The longer chain S-PEO 20000 and S-PEO 35000 did not coagulate the Na-montmorillonite sols because the corresponding Na+ concentration did not reach the critical coagulation value. The slightly enhanced salt tolerance indicated that the long-chain PEOs exerted a weak steric stabilization. In contrast, bridging of the particles by S-PEO molecules and Ca2+ ions played an important role in destabilizing the Ca-montmorillonite dispersions in the form of flocs and formation of gels.

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Preparation, thermal stability and decomposition routes of clay/Triton-X100 composites

Cited by 23 publications

References 33 publications

Modification of Bentonite with Cationic and Nonionic Surfactants: Structural and Textural Features

Modification of Bentonite with Cationic and Nonionic Surfactants: Structural and Textural Features

Surface modification of bentonites. V. Sol-gel transitions of Ca-montmorillonite in the presence of cationic end-capped poly(ethylene oxides)

Surface modification of bentonites. VI. Sol-gel transitions of sodium and calcium montmorillonite dispersions in the presence of anionic end-capped poly(ethylene oxides)

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