Preparation, solubility, and cytocompatibility of zinc-releasing calcium phosphate ceramics

Bioinorganics and biomaterials: Bone repair

“…The addition to the cell culture medium of soluble zinc in concentrations equal to those in the ceramics containing 1.3 wt.% zinc showed a similar effect [166]. In another study, a positive effect on the proliferation of the MC3T3 osteblastic cell line was observed in HA/TCP ceramics containing up to 1.3 wt.% zinc, whereas higher concentrations caused cytotoxicity [164]. A mildly positive effect of TCP ceramic doped with 0.3 wt.% zinc was also observed on the proliferation of human fetal bone tissue-derived osteoprecursor cell line [167].…”

“…Ito and colleagues [164], for example, developed biphasic calcium phosphate ceramics containing up to 7 wt.% zinc. Incorporation of zinc into HA results in instability of the crystal lattice, caused by the lack of adequate substitution sites.…”

“…Long-term implantation studies with a ceramic containing about 0.3 wt.% zinc confirmed a positive effect of the zinc in the ceramic with regard to bone apposition, but also demonstrated an increase in bone resorption at 60 weeks of implantation compared to the control [173]. It is remarkable that in in vitro studies by the same group, positive effects on osteogenic differentiation by both an osteoblastic cell line and primary bone marrow-derived stromal cells were observed on ceramics containing higher amounts of zinc, of about 1.2 wt.% [164,166]. Also in vitro, it was observed that ceramics containing about 0.6 wt.% zinc inhibited the resorptive activity of mature osteoclasts [170], whereas in vivo, the same concentration led to increased bone resorption [172].…”

Preparation and physicochemical characterization of hydroxyapatite coatings on zinc surfaces

“…Although it has been reported that it is quite difficult for divalent cations such as Zn 2+ , Ni 2+ , Mn 2+ , and Cu 2+ to substitute for Ca 2+ in the apatite structure, 27 in this work, the Zn-substituted apatite was formed within limited Zn fraction. Figure 5 shows the FT-IR spectra of the HAP layer.…”

Design of an inorganic dual-paste apatite cement using cation exchange

“…Three of these ions were selected for further analysis: Zn, Cu, and Ni. Zn and Cu have been used in the biomaterials research for their osteogenic [52] and angiogenic [53] properties, respectively, whereas Ni is often used in metallic implants, for example Nitinol [54]. Also, Zn is meant to be extremely potent at interacting with apatite surfaces [36,55].…”