Preparation of Zinc Oxide with Core–Shell Structure and Its Application in Rubber Products

Wang, Zhibin; Hou, Zhanjun; Liu, Xianzhen; Gu, Zheng; Li, Hui; Chen, Qi

doi:10.3390/polym15102353

Cited by 6 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…The XRD patterns of ZO, MH, and ZO@MH are presented in Figure 1a-c 112), (201), and (202) crystal faces of ZO (JCPDS: 75-0576) [37]. As for ZO@MH, these diffraction peaks all appeared to have quite good fits.…”

Section: Characterization Of Zo@mhmentioning

confidence: 89%

Synthesis of Zinc Oxide Doped Magnesium Hydrate and Its Effect on the Flame Retardant and Mechanical Properties of Polypropylene

Li,

Zhang,

Liu

et al. 2023

Polymers

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In this work, an effective flame retardant consisting of nanoscale zinc oxide doped on the surface of hexagonal lamellar magnesium hydrate (ZO@MH) has been successfully synthesized via a hydrothermal process. Approximately 3-methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane (KH-570) is chosen as a modifier of ZO@MH for the purpose of enhancing the interfacial interaction between ZO@MH and the polypropylene (PP) matrix and reducing the agglomeration of ZO@MH. Afterwards, ZO@MH and KH-570 modified ZO@MH (KZO@MH) filled PP (PP/ZO@MH and PP/KZO@MH) composites are respectively prepared via the melt blending method. The flame retardant and smoke suppression properties of PP/ZO@MH and PP/KZO@MH composites are estimated by a cone calorimetry test (CCT). The peak value of the heat release rate of the PP/40KZO@MH composite is 327.0 kW/m2, which is 6.1% and 31.2% lower than that of the PP/40ZO@MH and PP/40MH composites, respectively. The lowest peak values of CO and CO2 production, 0.008 and 0.62 g/s, also appeared in the PP/40KZO@MH composite, which are 11.1% and 10.1% lower than those of the PP/40ZO@MH composite. Analysis of char residues indicates that nanoscale ZO and modification of KH-570 improve the amount and quality of char residues, which should be the main reason for the good flame retardant and smoke suppression properties of KZO@MH. Impact strength and nominal strain at break results show that the PP matrix is toughened by ZO@MH rather than KZO@MH. Tensile properties and the quantitative interfacial interaction calculated by the Turcsányi equation both prove the reinforcement of KZO@MH on the PP matrix.

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Section: Characterization Of Zo@mhmentioning

confidence: 89%

Synthesis of Zinc Oxide Doped Magnesium Hydrate and Its Effect on the Flame Retardant and Mechanical Properties of Polypropylene

Li,

Zhang,

Liu

et al. 2023

Polymers

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“…However, such reductions in ZnO levels come at the cost of compromised cross-link density and mechanical modulus values [9,10]. Currently, although the level of zinc oxide can be decreased in many rubber formulations [29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38], for certain applications like heavy-duty truck tire manufacturing, the amount cannot be compromised. These applications require a high degree of cross-linking to achieve elevated modulus values and low heat build-up properties [11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhancing Rubber Vulcanization Cure Kinetics: Lowering Vulcanization Temperature by Addition of MgO as Co-Cure Activator in ZnO-Based Cure Activator Systems

Alam,

Kumar,

Jeong

et al. 2024

Polymers

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Vulcanization is a chemical modification of rubber that requires a considerable amount of thermal energy. To save thermal energy, the kinetics of rubber vulcanization should be improved. In this article, the curing properties of rubber vulcanization are thoroughly investigated using the moving die rheometer (MDR) technique. To enhance the kinetics in different stages of ZnO-based sulfur vulcanization systems, small amounts of MgO were added. The results revealed that the small amount of 1 to 2 phr (per hundred grams of rubber) of MgO in the controlled 5 phr ZnO-based curing systems can significantly improve the curing kinetics. For example, the optimum curing time of 1 phr MgO added to the 5 phr ZnO-containing semi-efficient vulcanization system at different temperatures was more than half that of the controlled 5 phr ZnO-only compound. While maintaining a similar rate of vulcanization, the vulcanization temperature can be reduced by up to 20 °C by using MgO as a co-cure activator, which exhibits similar or better rheometric mechanical properties compared to the controlled compounds. With the addition of MgO as a co-cure activator, the vulcanization reactions become very fast, enabling vulcanization to be completed, even at the boiling point of water (100 °C) with an affordable curing time (<1 h). By reducing the vulcanization temperature, the scorch safety time can be enhanced in the ZnO/MgO-based binary cure activator-containing vulcanizates. Overall, MgO could be a potential candidate as a co-cure activator with ZnO for the vulcanization of rubber, offering better economical and eco-friendly methods.

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Use of ZIF‐8 as vulcanization additive to optimize natural rubber composites to lower the amount of ZnO

Yang,

Qiao,

Fan

et al. 2024

Vinyl Additive Technology

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Zinc oxide (ZnO) is widely used as an activator in the vulcanization process of natural rubber. However, due to its poor compatibility with natural rubber, a large amount of ZnO needs to use, and the unreacted ZnO can precipitate in various ways, posing significant harm to aquatic organisms and microorganisms. Therefore, it is necessary to reduce the dosage of ZnO in order to minimize its environmental impact. In this study, we applied ZIF‐8, a zinc‐based metal–organic framework, as a vulcanization additive in natural rubber. and it was found that ZIF‐8 could promote the rubber vulcanization reaction by adsorbing sulfur, promoting sulfur ring‐opening, and providing different ligand interactions of Zn2+. Moreover, even at low usage levels of ZIF‐8, it effectively reduces the amount of ZnO while simultaneously improving the mechanical properties of the samples. This work provides an effective method to reduce the amount of ZnO without sacrificing the rubber properties and provides a new idea for the application of ZIF‐8 in rubber materials.Highlights ZIF‐8 enhances properties of natural rubber composites with low ZnO dosages. Revealing the reason why ZIF‐8 promotes the vulcanization of natural rubber. Investigation of the effect of ZIF‐8 on the vulcanization properties of natural rubber.

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Preparation of Zinc Oxide with Core–Shell Structure and Its Application in Rubber Products

Cited by 6 publications

References 30 publications

Synthesis of Zinc Oxide Doped Magnesium Hydrate and Its Effect on the Flame Retardant and Mechanical Properties of Polypropylene

Synthesis of Zinc Oxide Doped Magnesium Hydrate and Its Effect on the Flame Retardant and Mechanical Properties of Polypropylene

Enhancing Rubber Vulcanization Cure Kinetics: Lowering Vulcanization Temperature by Addition of MgO as Co-Cure Activator in ZnO-Based Cure Activator Systems

Use of ZIF‐8 as vulcanization additive to optimize natural rubber composites to lower the amount of ZnO

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