“…Hydrophobic interactions lead to a strong tendency of MO and MB to form dimers and trimers (the dimerization of MO and MB were 3.96 and 2.38, respectively 49 ). This results in multilayers of MO formed on the surface of the adsorbent 30 , which agrees with the adsorption results (Table 3 ) 34 – 37 , 50 . Figure 14 Experimental adsorption isotherm data from the ternary system for ( a ) MB and ( b ) MO and MG dyes on the LDH fitted using the two-parameter isotherm.…”
Section: Resultssupporting
confidence: 90%
“…Using precipitation technique for adsorbent preparation may be the reason of the layers accumulation in this statue and also the reaction rate and time have been an important role on the thickness and shape of prepared sample 23 . It could be due to the slow nucleation for precipitate formation 30 . EDX analysis was performed to confirm the presence of Zn, Fe and O as seen in Fig.…”
In our work, the removal of cationic and anionic dyes from water was estimated both experimentally and computationally. We check the selectivity of the adsorbent, Zn–Fe layered double hydroxide (LDH) toward three dyes. The physical and chemical properties of the synthesis adsorbent before and after the adsorption process were investigated using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, energy dispersive X-ray, X-ray diffraction, FT-IR, HRTEM, and FESEM analysis, particle size, zeta potential, optical and electric properties were estimated. The effect of pH on the adsorption process was estimated. The chemical stability was investigated at pH 4. Monte Carlo simulations were achieved to understand the mechanism of the adsorption process and calculate the adsorption energies. Single dye adsorption tests revealed that Zn–Fe LDH effectively takes up anionic methyl orange (MO) more than the cationic dyes methylene blue (MB) and malachite green (MG). From MO/MB/MG mixture experiments, LDH selectively adsorbed in the following order: MO > MB > MG. The adsorption capacity of a single dye solution was 230.68, 133.29, and 57.34 mg/g for MO, MB, and MG, respectively; for the ternary solution, the adsorption capacity was 217.97, 93.122, and 49.57 mg/g for MO, MB, and MG, respectively. Zn–Fe LDH was also used as a photocatalyst, giving 92.2% and 84.7% degradation at concentrations of 10 and 20 mg/L, respectively. For visible radiation, the Zn–Fe LDH showed no activity.
“…Hydrophobic interactions lead to a strong tendency of MO and MB to form dimers and trimers (the dimerization of MO and MB were 3.96 and 2.38, respectively 49 ). This results in multilayers of MO formed on the surface of the adsorbent 30 , which agrees with the adsorption results (Table 3 ) 34 – 37 , 50 . Figure 14 Experimental adsorption isotherm data from the ternary system for ( a ) MB and ( b ) MO and MG dyes on the LDH fitted using the two-parameter isotherm.…”
Section: Resultssupporting
confidence: 90%
“…Using precipitation technique for adsorbent preparation may be the reason of the layers accumulation in this statue and also the reaction rate and time have been an important role on the thickness and shape of prepared sample 23 . It could be due to the slow nucleation for precipitate formation 30 . EDX analysis was performed to confirm the presence of Zn, Fe and O as seen in Fig.…”
In our work, the removal of cationic and anionic dyes from water was estimated both experimentally and computationally. We check the selectivity of the adsorbent, Zn–Fe layered double hydroxide (LDH) toward three dyes. The physical and chemical properties of the synthesis adsorbent before and after the adsorption process were investigated using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, energy dispersive X-ray, X-ray diffraction, FT-IR, HRTEM, and FESEM analysis, particle size, zeta potential, optical and electric properties were estimated. The effect of pH on the adsorption process was estimated. The chemical stability was investigated at pH 4. Monte Carlo simulations were achieved to understand the mechanism of the adsorption process and calculate the adsorption energies. Single dye adsorption tests revealed that Zn–Fe LDH effectively takes up anionic methyl orange (MO) more than the cationic dyes methylene blue (MB) and malachite green (MG). From MO/MB/MG mixture experiments, LDH selectively adsorbed in the following order: MO > MB > MG. The adsorption capacity of a single dye solution was 230.68, 133.29, and 57.34 mg/g for MO, MB, and MG, respectively; for the ternary solution, the adsorption capacity was 217.97, 93.122, and 49.57 mg/g for MO, MB, and MG, respectively. Zn–Fe LDH was also used as a photocatalyst, giving 92.2% and 84.7% degradation at concentrations of 10 and 20 mg/L, respectively. For visible radiation, the Zn–Fe LDH showed no activity.
“…Using precipitation technique for preparation of the adsorbent may be the reason of the layers accumulation in this statue and also the reaction rate and time have been an important role on the thickness and shape of prepared sample. It could be due to the slow nucleation for precipitate formation [29]. EDX analysis was performed to confirm the presence of Zn, Fe and O as seen in Overall, these results confirm the efficiency of the preparation method used in the synthesis of layer structure from the nano-particulate morphology.…”
Background: In the current work, the removal of cationic and anionic dyes from water was studied both experimentally and computationally. We examine the selectivity of the adsorbent, Zn–Fe layered double hydroxide (LDH) toward three cationic and anionic dyes. Methods: The chemical and physical properties of the prepared adsorbent before and after adsorption were investigated using FT-IR, X-ray diffraction, zeta potential, energy dispersive X-ray, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, particle size, HRTEM, and FESEM analysis; optical and electric properties were estimated. The influence of pH on the adsorption process was estimated. Monte Carlo simulations were performed to understand the adsorption mechanism and compute the adsorption energies.Significant Findings: Single dye adsorption tests revealed that Zn–Fe LDH effectively takes up anionic methyl orange (MO) more than the cationic dyes methylene blue (MB) and malachite green (MG). From MO/MB/MG mixture experiments, LDH selectively adsorbed in the following order: MO>MB>MG. The adsorption capacity of a single dye solution was 230.68, 133.29, and 57.34 mg/g for MO, MB, and MG, respectively; for the ternary solution, the adsorption capacity was 217.97, 93.122, and 49.57 mg/g for MO, MB, and MG, respectively. Zn–Fe LDH was also used as a photocatalyst, giving 92.2% and 84.7% degradation at concentrations of 10 and 20 mg/L, respectively.
“…The peak centered at about 1600 cm −1 is due to the bending vibration of water molecules that exist in the interlayer region of LDHs [ 44 ]. The strong and broad band observed in the wavenumber of 3500 cm −1 can be assigned to the O-H groups attached to the layer surface of the LDHs and the O-H groups of the interlayered water molecules [ 45 ].…”
The application of layered double hydroxide (LDH) nanomaterials as catalysts has attracted great interest due to their unique structural features. It also triggered the need to study their fate and behavior in the aquatic environment. In the present study, Zn-Fe nanolayered double hydroxides (Zn-Fe LDHs) were synthesized using a co-precipitation method and characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and nitrogen adsorption-desorption analyses. The toxicity of the home-made Zn-Fe LDHs catalyst was examined by employing a variety of aquatic organisms from different trophic levels, namely the marine photobacterium Vibrio fischeri, the freshwater microalga Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata, the freshwater crustacean Daphnia magna, and the duckweed Spirodela polyrhiza. From the experimental results, it was evident that the acute toxicity of the catalyst depended on the exposure time and type of selected test organism. Zn-Fe LDHs toxicity was also affected by its physical state in suspension, chemical composition, as well as interaction with the bioassay test medium.
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