Preparation of Water-soluble Polyion Complex (PIC) Micelles Covered with Amphoteric Random Copolymer Shells with Pendant Sulfonate and Quaternary Amino Groups

Abstract

An amphoteric random copolymer (P(SA)91) composed of anionic sodium 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonate (AMPS, S) and cationic 3-acrylamidopropyl trimethylammonium chloride (APTAC, A) was prepared via reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) radical polymerization. The subscripts in the abbreviations indicate the degree of polymerization (DP). Furthermore, AMPS and APTAC were polymerized using a P(SA)91 macro-chain transfer agent to prepare an anionic diblock copolymer (P(SA)91S67) and a cationic diblock copolymer (P(SA)91A88), respectively. The DP was estimated from quantitative 13C NMR measurements. A stoichiometrically charge neutralized mixture of the aqueous P(SA)91S67 and P(SA)91A88 formed water-soluble polyion complex (PIC) micelles comprising PIC cores and amphoteric random copolymer shells. The PIC micelles were in a dynamic equilibrium state between PIC micelles and charge neutralized small aggregates composed of a P(SA)91S67/P(SA)91A88 pair. Interactions between PIC micelles and fetal bovine serum (FBS) in phosphate buffered saline (PBS) were evaluated by changing the hydrodynamic radius (Rh) and light scattering intensity (LSI). Increases in Rh and LSI were not observed for the mixture of PIC micelles and FBS in PBS for one day. This observation suggests that there is no interaction between PIC micelles and proteins, because the PIC micelle surfaces were covered with amphoteric random copolymer shells. However, with increasing time, the diblock copolymer chains that were dissociated from PIC micelles interacted with proteins.

Flocculation of kaolin from aqueous suspension using low dosages of acrylamide‐based cationic flocculants

“…The methylene (CH 2 ) carbon of APTMAC attached to nitrogen gives a peak at 64.22 ppm and peak for methylene (CH 2 ) carbon next to carbon attached to nitrogen, appear at 22.58 ppm. All the characteristic peaks of the copolymer assigned agree with the earlier reported values . Both the 1 H and 13 C NMR spectra confirm the chemical structure of the copolymer.…”

Behaviors of quenched polyampholytes in solution and gel state

“…Anionic diblock copolymer (AMPS 50 ‐ b ‐APTAC 50 ) 91 ‐(AMPS) 67 and cationic diblock copolymer (AMPS 50 ‐ b ‐APTAC 50 ) 91 ‐(APTAC) 88 represent the charge‐balanced QPA surrounded by either anionic or cationic blocks (Figure 5). 58 One can suppose that the core of such copolymers composed of cationic and anionic monomers (polyampholyte regime) forms intra‐PEC while the shell part bears the excess of either positive or negative charges (polyelectrolyte regime).…”

Intra- and Interpolyelectrolyte Complexes of Polyampholytes

“…Self-quenched* [15] sodium styrene sulfonate-co-4-vinylpyridine, P(NaSS-co-4VPy) Self-quenched* [16] poly(1-methyl-4-vinylpyridinium chloride)block-poly(methacrylic acid), P1M4VPCl-b-PMAA Self-quenched * [17,18] 2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid sodium salt-co-(3acrylamidopropyl)trimethylammonium chloride, P(AMPSNa-co-APTAC) Quenched [19] 2-methacryloyloxyethyltrimethylammoniumco-2-methacryloyloxyethanesulfonate, P(METMA-co-MES) Quenched or zwitterionic [20] 2-methacryloyloxyethyltrimethylammonium-co-2-methacryloyloxyethanesulfonate, P(METMA-co-MES) Quenched or zwitterionic [20] Poly(carbobetaine), PCB Annealed [7] Poly(sulfobetaine), PSB Quenched or zwitterionic [7] Poly(phosphobetaine), PPB Quenched or zwitterionic [7] * The term "self-quenched" for polyampholytes represents polyampholytes which possess permanently ionized charged groups (anionic or cationic) in the repeating units.…”

“…Concerning the polyelectrolytes, we refer the readers to earlier publications [21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29], where the fundamental and applied aspects are described and to recent reviews [30,31], in which the theory of polyelectrolytes and a perspective on polyelectrolyte solutions are comprehensively outlined. sodium salt-co-(3acrylamidopropyl)trimethylammonium chloride, P(AMPSNa-co-APTAC) Quenched [19] 2-methacryloyloxyethyltrimethylammoniumco-2-methacryloyloxyethanesulfonate, P(METMA-co-MES) Quenched or zwitterionic [20] 2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid sodium salt-co-(3-acrylamidopropyl)trimethylammonium chloride, P(AMPSNa-co-APTAC)…”

“…Quenched [19] Polymers 2018, 10, x FOR PEER REVIEW 2 of Table 1. Examples of various polyampholytes.…”