Preparation of Ultrafine-Grained TiN and (Ti, Al)N Powders by Mechanical Alloying

Indentation creep in nanocrystalline Fe-TiN and Ni-TiN alloys prepared by mechanical alloying

“…It has been demonstrated that Eq. [4] fits experimental relationships very well for a number of crystalline solids, and activation energies Q, very close to those for volume self-diffusion, are obtained consistently with a controlling mechanism based on dislocation climb when tested at temperatures higher than 0.5 Tm. [12,13] A linear relationship is predicted in Eq.…”

“…[4,5] The ball milling was performed using a vibrational ball mill in which the vial and balls were made of SUS316 and 304 stainless steels, respectively. By milling for 360 to 540 ks, almost all the titanium atoms were nitrided to form cubic TiN, and n-Fe-TiN, and n-NiTiN dual-phase powder alloys were produced.…”

“…[12,13] A linear relationship is predicted in Eq. [4] between ln (H Ϫ3 Ϫ ) and ln (t 1/3 Ϫ ) with slope of unity. Figure It is seen in all the materials that a whole family of straight lines is obtained of constant slope.…”

“…In Figure 12, hot hardness vs temperature curves calculated from Eq. [4], which is determined from the relationship in Figure 11, are compared with experimental ones. The H 0 values have been assumed at room temperature hardness in this calculation.…”

“…The slope is very close to unity, as predicted from Eq. [4]. Then the activation energy can be obtained by plotting ln (H Ϫ3 Ϫ ) against 1/T for fixed loading times.…”