Preparation of ultra‐low‐density microcellular materials

Richez, Alexandre P.; Deleuze, Hervé; Vedrenne, Patrick; Collier, R.

doi:10.1002/app.21668

Cited by 33 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…Another emulsification route; the multiple emulsion method, combines and mixes all the components from the oil and water phase together. But as the emulsion prepared using this method forms gradually, the system needs to be stirred until the HIPE forms (Richez et al, 2005).…”

Section: Efficiency Of Mixingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Basic Principles of Emulsion Templating and Its Use as an Emerging Manufacturing Method of Tissue Engineering Scaffolds

Dikici

Claeyssens

2020

Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol.

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Tissue engineering (TE) aims to regenerate critical size defects, which cannot heal naturally, by using highly porous matrices called TE scaffolds made of biocompatible and biodegradable materials. There are various manufacturing techniques commonly used to fabricate TE scaffolds. However, in most cases, they do not provide materials with a highly interconnected pore design. Thus, emulsion templating is a promising and convenient route for the fabrication of matrices with up to 99% porosity and high interconnectivity. These matrices have been used for various application areas for decades. Although this polymer structuring technique is older than TE itself, the use of polymerised internal phase emulsions (PolyHIPEs) in TE is relatively new compared to other scaffold manufacturing techniques. It is likely because it requires a multidisciplinary background including materials science, chemistry and TE although producing emulsion templated scaffolds is practically simple. To date, a number of excellent reviews on emulsion templating have been published by the pioneers in this field in order to explain the chemistry behind this technique and potential areas of use of the emulsion templated structures. This particular review focusses on the key points of how emulsion templated scaffolds can be fabricated for different TE applications. Accordingly, we first explain the basics of emulsion templating and characteristics of PolyHIPE scaffolds. Then, we discuss the role of each ingredient in the emulsion and the impact of the compositional changes and process conditions on the characteristics of PolyHIPEs. Afterward, current fabrication methods of biocompatible PolyHIPE scaffolds and polymerisation routes are detailed, and the functionalisation strategies that can be used to improve the biological activity of PolyHIPE scaffolds are discussed. Finally, the applications of PolyHIPEs on soft and hard TE as well as in vitro models and drug delivery in the literature are summarised.

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Section: Efficiency Of Mixingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Basic Principles of Emulsion Templating and Its Use as an Emerging Manufacturing Method of Tissue Engineering Scaffolds

Dikici

Claeyssens

2020

Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol.

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“…The pore and pore throat sizes in conventional polyHIPEs can be increased by increasing the internal phase volume or destabilizing the emulsion template in a controlled manner by adding additives such as methanol 12. This nonetheless resulted in thinning of the pore walls, which is detrimental to the mechanical performance 12, 13. In contrast to traditional surfactant stabilized HIPEs, the droplet size of Pickering‐HIPEs is already much larger 6.…”

Section: Composition Of Emulsion Templates Characterized By Internal mentioning

confidence: 99%

Highly Permeable Macroporous Polymers Synthesized from Pickering Medium and High Internal Phase Emulsion Templates

et al. 2010

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Various applications require macroporous materials with high permeability and a significant compressive strength. For instance, the oil servicing industry is interested in utilizing a liquid medium that can be placed within the annulus between the oil bearing natural formation and a screen wrapped perforated pipe, which turns into a macroporous permeable and mechanically stable solid during a curing step. [1] The minimum requirements for the solid macroporous material are a permeability of 1 D (10 -12 m 2 ) and a compressive strength ≥ 3.5 MPa. This challenge could be addressed by employing high internal phase emulsions (HIPE), whose continuous phase consists of monomers, as a template to produce macroporous polymers, commonly known as poly(merized)HIPEs, [2] with a well defined controllable pore structure.However, conventional polyHIPEs synthesized from surfactant stabilized water-in-oil (w/o) HIPEs have poor mechanical properties [3, 4] and low permeabilities [5] due to the rather small pore and pore throat sizes. [2] Here we present a new approach for synthesizing polyHIPEs with much higher permeabilities and sufficient mechanical properties. We utilize the ability of w/o particle-stabilized HIPE templates (Pickering-HIPEs) to produce closed-cell macroporous polymers with large pores as reported recently by us. [6] We demonstrate that small amounts of

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“…Besides the viscosity, [28] the increase in mixing speed influences an increase in shear stress, which causes the formation of smaller droplets of internal phase and also reduces the thickness of the interfacial film, causing more interconnected morphology after polymerisation. [23,29,30] This can be nicely seen from the BET measurements listed in Table 2, where the surface area is increasing with increased stirring rate. Similar results have already been observed previously for MMA polyHIPE material.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 72%

Tailoring morphological features of cross-linked emulsion-templated poly(glycidyl methacrylate)

Huš

Kolar

Krajnc

2015

Designed Monomers and Polymers

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Porous poly(glycidyl methacrylate-co-ethyleneglycol dimethacrylate) samples with total porosity up to 91% were prepared by the polymerisation of high internal phase emulsions (HIPEs). Morphological features like cavity and interconnecting pore diameter were investigated and successfully controlled by changing the initiator system, surfactant ratio, pore volume ratio, stirring rate and reaction mixture temperature. All resulting porous polyHIPE monoliths had open cellular morphology with cavity diameters between sub-μm and 30 μm.

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Preparation of ultra‐low‐density microcellular materials

Cited by 33 publications

References 51 publications

Basic Principles of Emulsion Templating and Its Use as an Emerging Manufacturing Method of Tissue Engineering Scaffolds

Basic Principles of Emulsion Templating and Its Use as an Emerging Manufacturing Method of Tissue Engineering Scaffolds

Highly Permeable Macroporous Polymers Synthesized from Pickering Medium and High Internal Phase Emulsion Templates

Tailoring morphological features of cross-linked emulsion-templated poly(glycidyl methacrylate)

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