Preparation of TiO2 nanoparticles in glycerol-containing solutions

Mechanical properties of epoxy nanocomposites using titanium dioxide as reinforcement – A review

“…The syntheses of nanoparticles by chemical methods have been proved to be more effective than physical methods. The following processes have been developed to synthesize nano-sized TiO 2 particles: sol-gel [41][42][43][44][45][46][47] (it has been demonstrated that the precursors concentration of TiO 2 alkoxide greatly affects the crystallization behavior and characteristics of the resulting powder [48]), sol method [47], solvothermal [47,[49][50][51], hydrothermal [47,[52][53][54], pyrolysis reactions or hydrolysis methods, including spray pyrolysis [55,56], gas-phase reaction method [57], hydrothermal, flame, nonhydrolytic approach, hydrolysis [58], solid state processing routes (mechanical alloying/milling) [59,60], mechanochemical [61,62], radio-frequency thermal plasma [63], laser ablation [64], micelle and inverse micelle methods, direct oxidation method, chemical vapor deposition, physical vapor deposition, electrodeposition, sonochemical method and microwave method [47]. In [65] the authors proposed a continuous method using packed bed or static mixer reactors.…”

Novel and facile synthesis of transparent-monolithic TiO2 gels by sol-gel method based on an esterification reaction

“…The best known approach to control the hydrolysis and condensation during the sol-gel processing is the addition of chelating agents or modifiers such as acetyl acetone [11], diols [12], carboxylic acids (e.g. acetic acid) [13][14][15][16].…”

Synthesis of TiO2 nanoparticles by hydrolysis and peptization of titanium isopropoxide solution

“…In order to prepare of TiO 2 nanostructured material with significant properties several processes have been developed over the last decade and can be classified as liquid process (sol-gel [6][7][8][9], solvothermal [10,11], hydrothermal [5,12,13]), solid state processing routes (mechanical alloying/milling [14,15], mechanochemical [16,17]), RF thermal plasma [18] and other routes such as laser ablation [19]. From the above methods, the sol-gel method is normally used for preparation nanometer TiO 2 powder.…”