Preparation of TiCl4 from panzhihua ilmenite concentrate by boiling chlorination

Zhu, Fuxing; Ma, Shangrun; Ma, Zhanshan; Lei, Qi; Peng, Weixing; Li, Kaihua; Qiu, Kehui

doi:10.1016/j.jmrt.2023.01.190

Cited by 7 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 39 publications

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“…These approaches serve as alternatives to conventional chemical methods, thereby minimizing the environmental ramifications associated with metal manufacturing. Physical methods such as zone refining [6][7][8][9], vacuum distillation [10,11], and Cz single-crystal growth [12,13] have gained considerable prominence over chemical methods such as extraction-crystallization [14], chlorination [15], and electrolysis [16]. Researchers have increasingly devoted their attention to investigating the efficacy and applicability of these physical methods in achieving elevated levels of metal purity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Purification of High-Purity Tin via Vertical Zone Refining

Wen

Peng

et al. 2023

Separations

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The present investigation delves into the potential of vertical zone refining as an effective purification technique for achieving high-purity tin (Sn) metal. The utilization of vertical zone refining offers distinct advantages over traditional horizontal zone refining, as it allows for enhanced control over the molten zone and solid–liquid interface, ultimately leading to superior impurity separation efficiency. The present study reveals that the solute partition coefficients (k0) of various impurity elements, such as Zn, Ag, Al, Mg, Ca, Ni, In, Co, Cu, As, Pb, Fe, and Bi, during the vertical zone refining process consistently demonstrate values below one. Notably, the partition coefficient of Sb deviates slightly from the others, being greater than one but approaching one. The authors achieve exceptional levels of purity in both the bottom and middle regions of the rod by subjecting the Sn melt to nine passes of vertical zone refining at a heating temperature of 405 °C and a downward pulling rate of 10 µm/s, resulting in purities exceeding 6N4. Furthermore, by evaluating the effective partition coefficients (keff), it was determined that impurity elements, such as Cu and Bi, closely approach their equilibrium partition coefficients, reaching values of approximately 0.492 and 0.327, respectively. To further enhance the purity of Sn metal and maximize product yield, we propose the utilization of electrolytic refining and vacuum distillation, with particular emphasis on the efficient separation of five specific elements, including Cu, Fe, As, Pb, and Sb. By elucidating these findings, this study not only contributes valuable insights into the efficacy of vertical zone refining as a purification technique for high-purity tin metal, but also offers important recommendations for refining strategies and impurity element separation.

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