Preparation of thermochromic selenidostannates in deep eutectic solvents

et al. 2022

Adv Funct Materials

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Switchable coadsorption and separation for elimination/partitioning of Cs + and Sr 2+ is achieved by pH-controlled ion exchange using a potassium thioantimonate K 2 Sb 4 S 7 •2H 2 O (SbS-1K) with fantastic pH durability from diluted NaOH (pH 12) to concentrated HCl (3 m). At pH 6, SbS-1K exhibits ultrafast adsorption kinetics (R ≈ 90% in 2 min for Cs + and 20 min for Sr 2+ ) and high removal rates (R ≈ 98-99%) at equilibrium for both Cs + and Sr 2+ . At pH 2, the Sr 2+ adsorption is inhibited by H + with a great loss in R Sr to 11.18%, whereas the R Cs remains at 96.99%, contributing to a top-ranked separation factor SF Cs/Sr of 256. The SbS-1K-filled ion exchange column can be switched between the eliminating (R Cs > 99.91%; R Sr > 98.19%) and separating (R Cs > 98.99%; R Sr ≈ 0±3%) modes for treating continuous flow with a variation from pH 6 to pH 2 or vice versa. The SbS-1K/PTFE membrane exhibits coadsorption and separation effects for filtration of low concentrated mixed Cs + and Sr 2+ solution (1 ppm for each), even at an ultrafast vacuum filtration speed (30 mL min -1 ). Combined with easy synthesis and high β/γ irradiation resistance, SbS-1K represents a new-concept bifunctional exchanger with discriminating intelligence for equipment innovation.

Section: Synthesis Of Sbs-1 and The Activation By K +mentioning

confidence: 99%

pH‐Controlled Switch over Coadsorption and Separation for Mixed Cs⁺ and Sr²⁺ by an Acid‐Resistant Potassium Thioantimonate

Zhao

Cheng

et al. 2022

Adv Funct Materials

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“…The Brunauer−Emmett−Teller (BET) specific surface area and pore size analysis were conducted by a nitrogen adsorption experiment at −196 °C on an Autosorb-IQ3+ChemStar. 25 A mixture of Sn (0.119 g, 1.0 mmol), Se (0.211 g, 2.67 mmol), choline chloride (1.12 g, 8.0 mmol), urea (0.96 g, 16.0 mmol), and 1.0 mL of N 2 H 4 •H 2 O (98%) (∼20.6 mmol) was sealed in a stainless steel reactor with a 20 mL Teflon liner and heated at 150 °C for 24 h. After cooling to room temperature, the platelike orange crystal product was obtained by washing with distilled water and drying in air, with a yield of ∼68% (0.26 g) based on Sn. The phase purity was confirmed by powder XRD characterization.…”

Section: ■ Experimental Sectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…(iii) Tin selenides have a tendency to react with oxygen to form thermodynamically stable oxides, which is beneficial for the complete elimination of Se 2– ions from the precursors. Inspired by our recent success in the synthetic chemistry of chalcogenides, we chose choline-directed single-crystal selenidostannate [(CH 3 ) 3 N(CH 2 ) 2 OH] 2 [Sn 3 Se 7 ]·H 2 O ( Ch-Sn 3 Se 7 ) as a representative precursor for the preparation of porous SnO 2 . Upon calcination, Ch-Sn 3 Se 7 underwent volatilization of templates followed by conversion to oxide, leading to a novel P-SnO 2 series of materials with uniform interpenetrated porosity (Figure ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Conversion of Organically Directed Selenidostannate into Porous SnO₂ Exhibiting Effective Electrochemical Reduction of CO₂ to C₁ Products

Zhang

Sun

ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng.

et al. 2021

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Development of porous catalysts for electrochemical reduction of CO2 relies on methodological innovation in regard to both rational structure design and feasible preparation. Organically directed selenidometalates emerge as a type of promising crystalline precursors for their homogeneously distributed templates that can undergo precise thermolysis and volatilization. Herein, we report the facile thermally driven conversion of choline-templated selenidostannate, [(CH3)3N(CH2)2OH]2[Sn3Se7]·H2O (Ch-Sn 3 Se 7 ), into a series of mesoporous SnO2 (P-SnO 2 ) materials as high-performance electrocatalysts for CO2 reduction. Variations of particle morphology/size and surface area with calcination time were systematically investigated and correlated to the electrocatalytic activity and product selectivity. The optimal electrode loaded with P-SnO 2 -0 min exhibits a high faradic efficiency (up to 94.5%), a large partial current density (∼11.5 mA cm–2), and excellent long-term stability (100 h) for transforming CO2 into useful C1 products (HCOOH + CO) at −1.06 V vs reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE), comparable to the top-level Sn-based catalysts. A detailed investigation into the long-term electrolysis revealed a gradual fragmentation of the pristine SnO2 nanoparticles along with partial SnO2–SnO–Sn self-reduction, which contributes to increased active sites that account for the highly selective and stable electrolysis process. This work provides a facile and low-cost templating method for the preparation of porous materials and gives some deeper insights into the course of the catalytic reaction that are of considerable industrial significance.

“…Ionic liquids (ILs) are organic molten salts with melting points below 100 °C. They have several advantages over common organic solvents, such as nonvolatility, high conductivity, and a high degree of designability properties. − Since both the cation and anion of ILs are adjustable, a large number of IL-based intelligent response materials (including light, pH, electrochromic, thermochromic, and magnetic) have been designed by varying their structure. − For example, a new thermochromic IL (nickel-bromine IL) was created and designed to be composited with vanadium dioxide nanoparticles for improved thermochromism efficiency …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Shape- and Color-Switchable Polyurethane Thermochromic Actuators Based on Metal-Containing Ionic Liquids

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

Hou

Duan

et al. 2021

Many creatures have excellent control over their form, color, and morphology, allowing them to respond to the interaction of environmental stimuli better. Here, the bioinspired synergistic shape–color-switchable actuators based on thermally induced shape-memory triethanolamine cross-linked polyurethane (TEAPU) and thermochromic ionic liquids (ILs) were prepared. The thermochromic ILs with various metalized anions, including bis(1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium) tetrachloro nickelate ([Bmim]2[NiCl4]) and bis(1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium) tetrachloride cobalt ([Bmim]2[CoCl4]), are investigated. The actuators exhibit thermochromic response, as evidenced by a shift in the color of the composites, which is due to the formation of the tetrahedral complex MCl4 2– (M = Ni and Co) after dehydration. The shape–color-switchable thermochromic actuators have strong molecular interaction between TEAPU and ILs and can mimic natural flowers and change the color and shape quickly in a narrow temperature range (30–70 °C). In addition, these thermochromic actuators can lift more than 50 times their weight and withstand strains of more than 1100%. The results represent the potential application in artificial muscle actuators and intelligent camouflages.