Preparation of the Electrospun Polyvinylidene Fluoride / Polyvinyl Alcohol Scaffold as a Potential Tissue Replacement

Abstract

: Polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), a piezoelectric material, is commonly used in tissue engineering due to its potential for mimicking the electrical microenvironment of biological conditions for tissue development. In this present research, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) was introduced into electrospun PVDF fabrication through an electrospinning process, aiming to enhance the nanofibrous membrane's biocompatibility properties by improving the hydrophilicity properties to act as an artificial tissue scaffold. The electrospun PVDF/PVA membranes are found to be optimum at a PVDF-to-PVA ratio of 90:10 due to its excellent mechanical, morphological, and hydrophilicity conductivity properties. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy verified strong hydrogen bonding interaction formed between the fluorine group of PVDF with oxygen-containing in the hydroxyl group of PVA. In-vitro cell culture showed that the enhanced hydrophilic property of electrospun PVDF/PVA could significantly enhance the cell growth. These positive results indicated that the scaffold could be implemented as artificial tissue material for tissue engineering applications. ABSTRAK: Polivinilidena fluorida (PVDF) adalah bahan piezoelektrik yang biasa digunakan dalam kejuruteraan tisu kerana potensinya menyerupai keadaan persekitaran mikro-elektrik biologi bagi perkembangan tisu. Dalam penyelidikan ini, polivinil alkohol (PVA) diperkenalkan ke dalam fabrikasi pintalan-elektro PVDF melalui proses pemintalan-elektro, yang bertujuan bagi mengembangkan sifat biokompatibiliti membran nanogentian dengan meningkatkan sifat hidrofilik bagi menjadi perancah tisu tiruan. Membran pintalan-elektro PVDF / PVA didapati optimum pada nisbah PVDF-ke-PVA, 90:10 kerana sifat kekonduksian, mekanikal, morfologi dan hidrofiliknya yang sangat baik. Spektroskopi transformasi inframerah Fourier (FTIR) mengesahkan interaksi ikatan hidrogen yang kuat terbentuk antara kumpulan fluoro PVDF dengan oksigen yang terkandung dalam kumpulan hidroksil PVA. Kultur sel secara in-vitro menunjukkan bahawa sifat hidrofilik pintalan-elektro PVDF / PVA dapat meningkatkan pertumbuhan sel secara signifikan. Hasil positif ini menunjukkan bahawa perancah ini dapat digunakan sebagai bahan tisu buatan bagi aplikasi kejuruteraan tisu.

Scaffold-Based Poly(Vinylidene Fluoride) and Its Copolymers: Materials, Fabrication Methods, Applications, and Perspectives

“…Due to the hydrogen bonding between the −CH 2 of PVDF and the −CO group of the additive polymer, the content of β phase was increased, which was confirmed in the study of Bagherzadeh et al They obtained a PVDF/PCL scaffold with a piezoelectric coefficient of 7.5 pC/N by electrospinning. Thanks to the hydroxyl functional group, the addition of 10.0% polyvinyl acetate (PVA) improved the hydrophilicity of the PVDF/PVA nanofibers with a water contact angle of 80.7 °C . Dermal fibroblast cells can spread and interact well on the PVDF/PVA scaffold, and the nanofibers can introduce biochemical stimulations to the dermal fibroblast cells and improve cell adhesion.…”

“…Thanks to the hydroxyl functional group, the addition of 10.0% polyvinyl acetate (PVA) improved the hydrophilicity of the PVDF/PVA nanofibers with a water contact angle of 80.7 °C. 66 Dermal fibroblast cells can spread and interact well on the PVDF/PVA scaffold, and the nanofibers can introduce biochemical stimulations to the dermal fibroblast cells and improve cell adhesion. As another example, when the ratio of PU to PVDF was 1:1, the piezoelectric and tensile strength were balanced, respectively 14.0 pC/N and 6.0 MPa.…”

“…Hydrophilicity is also necessary and can be obtained by combining hydrophilic materials, such as collagen, hyaluronic acid, and PVA. Compared with pure PVDF, culturing human dermal fibroblasts on PVA/PVDF scaffolds can achieve higher cell adhesion and proliferation, thanks to the hydrophilicity of PVA . In terms of antibacterial properties, antibacterial drugs (norfloxacin, ciprofloxacin) are incorporated into PVDF to meet this requirement. , …”

Researching progress on bio-reactive electrogenic materials with electrophysiological activity for enhanced bone regeneration

“…The β-PVDF phase shows excellent piezoelectric and ferroelectric properties. Because of its high flexibility and nontoxicity, PVDF has been used in various ways, from tissue engineering scaffolds to implantable automatic force devices and other biomedical applications ( Hamzah et al, 2021 ). After corona polarization of PVDF scaffolds, the negatively charged surface that is formed promotes better adhesion and proliferation of myoblasts ( Martins et al, 2013 ).…”