Preparation of the acellular scaffold of the spinal cord and the study of biocompatibility

Abstract

Methods: The morphology of the acellular segments was revealed by scanning electron microscopy, immunohistochemistry, and hematoxylin and eosin stain. Biocompatibility was studied by immunohistochemistry. Results: Results show that in spinal cord scaffolds, cells, myelin sheath and axon of nerve fibers were eliminated, and three-dimensional supports of extracellular matrix were reserved. The component analytical results of the acellular spinal cord indicate that they contain laminin, fibronectin and collagen, which can facilitate and induce the regeneration of injured nerves, and enhance the adhesion and proliferation of cells. The acellular spinal cord has a three-dimensional structure and excellent biocompatibility. Conclusion: Our data indicate that acellular spinal cord has certain biological properties and it may be a potential alternative scaffold for spinal cord tissue engineering.

Effects of Biologic Scaffolds on Human Stem Cells and Implications for CNS Tissue Engineering

“…4,[46][47][48] With the exception of dura mater repair, 30-32 the development and application of tissue-derived ECM scaffolds for CNS reconstruction has not been commonly described. [17][18][19][20] Minimally invasive implantation of an ECM hydrogel scaffold 4,18,20 may provide a niche-friendly microenvironment at a CNS injury site to encourage endogenous NSCs to migrate to the site, proliferate, and differentiate to replace lost neural cells and ultimately, produce functional tissue. 11,12 Data from the present study show unique compositions for each ECM (Fig.…”

“…Extracellular matrix (ECM) bioscaffolds produced by decellularization and antigen depletion of mammalian tissues largely retain the structural and functional complexity of their tissues of origin 13,[16][17][18][19][20] and elicit desirable immunemediated responses at sites of injury in multiple tissue types. [21][22][23][24][25] Biologic scaffolds composed of ECM have been used in both preclinical studies and clinical applications to facilitate constructive remodeling rather than scar tissue formation after injury in several tissues 21,[26][27][28][29] , including dura mater, [30][31][32] skeletal and smooth muscles, 33 and peripheral nervous system.…”

“…[18][19][20]35,36 This tissue specificity may be beneficial or even essential to the functional restoration of complex tissues and organs. [37][38][39][40] Biologic scaffolds derived from CNS tissues have been recently described, [17][18][19][20] and such scaffolds may be appropriate for in situ CNS tissue engineering and repair.…”

Bioengineering of Articular Cartilage: Past, Present and Future

“…Therefore they should maintain the appropriate environment for cellular re-attachment, migration, differentiation and proliferation to enhance tissue regeneration when transplanted, whilst maintaining, in theory, a perfect microarchitecture for the repair tissue (Figure 1) [137]. In recent years decellularised biological matrices has been used to regeneration various tissue types including skin, cartilage, bladder, spinal cord, and myocardium [138][139][140][141][142].…”

Biomaterial applications in neural therapy and repair

“…The decellularized biomaterial contains ECM proteins (e.g. laminin, fibronectin), myelin and growth factors, including VEGF and fibroblast growth factor-2 [64,65].…”