Preparation of Templated Materials and Their Application to Typical Pollutants in Wastewater: A Review

Abstract

As the pollution and destruction of global water resources become more and more severe, the treatment of wastewater has attracted significant attention. The template method is a synthetic method in which the template is the main configuration to control, influence, and modify the morphology as well as control the dimensions of the material, thus achieving the properties that determine the material. It is simple, highly reproducible, and predictable, and more importantly, it can effectively control the pore structure, size, and morphology of the material, providing a novel platform for the preparation of adsorbent materials with excellent adsorption properties. This review focuses on the classification of the templates according to their properties and spatial domain-limiting capabilities, reviews the types of hard and soft template materials and their synthetic routes, and further discusses the modulation of the morphological structure of the materials by the introduction of templates. In addition, the application and adsorption mechanisms of heavy metal ions and dyes are reviewed based on the regulatory behavior of the template method.

Intelligent micro/nanorobots based on biotemplates

“…First, the target micro/nanomotor is prepared by selecting a specific structure to replicate the template's external shape or internal structure. 35 Subsequently, the functional material is loaded on the surface of the micro/nanomotor by artificial modification to achieve specific applications. To better demonstrate the preparation process, two typical biotemplates (sunflower and spirulina) are shown as biotemplates for preparing multifunctional micro/nanorobots.…”

The role of adsorbent microstructure and itspacking arrangement in optimising theperformance of an adsorption column

“…This indicates that the optimum radius of pore is between 20 and 200 µm, which correlates to the macropore region of a capillary size. Although this is higher than the typical pore size of common adsorbents [35][36][37], it is appropriate for crafted materials with controlled structures [38][39][40][41]. Moreover, it indicates that the model is capable of predicting optimal pore size conditions, which will change with the physical parameters of a particular system.…”

“…These results indicate that this approach is applicable when the length-scale over which removal of contaminant into the pores occurs is smaller than the length-scale over which the adsorption happens inside the pore. Now, equation ( 30) can be rewritten using equation (36) as…”

A Review on Template Synthesis of Nanoparticle

“…Surfactant Surfactant-assisted precipitation has recently gained attention in synthesis due to its ease of use, low cost, and capacity to develop different features [74]. Because polymer-surfactant complexes have an effective structure completely distinct from that of pure surfactant systems or pure water-soluble polymers, they are promising candidates for the production of diverse nanostructures [75,76].…”