Preparation of Styrene–Maleic Anhydride–Acrylamide Terpolymer Particles of Uniform Size and Controlled Composition via Self-Stabilized Precipitation Polymerization

Abstract

In this paper, we report for the first time the selfstabilized precipitation polymerization of styrene (St), maleic anhydride (MAH), and acrylamide (AM) in isoamyl acetate as the reaction medium. The effects of various reaction parameters, including the reaction medium, monomer concentration, reaction time, and monomer feed ratio, on the morphology and chemical composition of the resultant poly(St/MAH/AM) terpolymer particles were investigated systematically. The experimental results demonstrated that uniform poly(St/MAH/AM) terpolymer particles with the diameter in the range of 50 to 2000 nm were facilely obtained over a wide range of monomer feed ratios of St/MAH/AM (from 40:40:20 to 10:10:80). Furthermore, the chemical composition of the terpolymer particles was largely dependent on the initial monomer feed ratio, which remained almost constant irrelevant of reaction time when the molar ratio of [St]/[MAH] was 1:1. Therefore, the poly(St/MAH/AM) terpolymer particles with a well-defined morphology, uniform size, and controlled chemical composition can be efficiently synthesized via this method, and the anhydride and amide functional groups provide poly(St/MAH/AM) particles with intensive potential for various applications.

A facile approach for the preparation of poly(benzothiophene-alt-maleic anhydride) microspheres by self-stabilized precipitation polymerization

“…The choice of the solvent is the key factor in the 2SP process (Table S3 †). The solvent should meet the following requirements: [24][25][26][27] (a) a good solvent for monomers and the initiator, (b) no solvent or a poor solvent for the as-formed copolymers, and (c) it should be environment-friendly and safe. We screened four types of solvents, including esters, aromatic hydrocarbons, haloalkanes and heterocyclic compounds, to investigate the influence of solvents on polymerization.…”

“…These attributes of the self-stabilized precipitation method make it especially relevant to industrial production. Since our first report on the 2SP method in the maleic anhydride/vinyl acetate alternating copolymerization system, 24 the copolymerization between maleic anhydride and different monomers, including styrene, 25 acrylamide, 26 and divinylbenzene, 27 has been reported.…”

A Facile Method for Delaying the Migration of Antifogging Agents in Polyethylene Films

“…D n was controlled to a value <400 nm to avoid the deterioration in visible light transmittance due to the scattering of visible light when the microspheres were incorporated into PE films. This was realized by conducting 2SP at a low monomer concentration (∼10% w/v), under which condition the agglomeration of primary nuclei was less significant than in the case of a high monomer concentration. , After the grafting reaction, the shape of grafted microspheres did not change because of the cross-linked nature of PMSD microspheres. The particle size of grafted microspheres is larger than that of PMSD, with D n values being 321 ± 26, 321 ± 33, and 330 ± 35 nm for PMSD -g- mPEG550, PMSD -g- mPEG1000, and PMSD -g- mPEG2000, respectively.…”

In situ interlamellar production of amide-based functional copolymer/clay nanocomposites

“…Acrylamide, citraconic anhydride and their derivatives are important monomers for potential applications as intermediate or starting materials in the preparation and modification of some pharmaceuticals and biomolecules and used also in biological applications and in the preparation of certain resins due to the functional groups. [12][13][14][15] In literature, the synthesis of poly(acrylamide-alt-citraconic anhydride), 16 poly(N-isopropylacrylamide-co-citraconic anhydride), 17 poly(acrylamide-co-maleic anhydride), 18 poly(acrylamide-co-styreneco-citraconic anhydride) 19 and poly(styrene-co-maleic anhydride-coacrylamide) 20 copolymers and terpolymers by different techniques has been published. Until now, in studies on the application areas of amide and anhydride functional structures, nanocarriers prepared from graphene oxide and citraconic anhydride-functionalized polyelectrolyte and graphene oxide-based nanocomposites with PEIcitraconic anhydride-modified materials have been prepared for drug delivery in tumor therapy and antibacterial membrane; citraconic anhydride-based functional materials have also been prepared for further modifications and potential application in protonexchange materials.…”