“…This prospect, however, necessitates overcoming challenges related to the long-term stability of nanofluids, especially at high nanoparticle concentrations, and addressing aging effects resulting from oxidation and thermal stress 10 , 35 , 36 . Available synthesis methods and nanoparticles’ dispersion techniques 21 , 22 , 37 will make feasible the stability of the surge-proof nanofluids; the shape, size, type, chemical treatment, and moisture content of liquids may be parameters that should be examined by the researchers towards this direction.…”