Preparation of Spinel-Type Black Pigments Using Microwave-Assisted Calcination of Stainless Steel Dust: The Effect of Manganese Molar Content

Abstract

Stainless steel dust is rich in valuable metal elements including Fe, Cr, Ni and Mn, which can be utilized to prepare Fe–Cr–Ni–Mn series black pigments. Meanwhile, manganese can absorb the majority of the visible light wavelength range, which improves the color rendering performance of Fe–Cr–Ni–Mn series black pigments. However, the coloring mechanism of manganese in the above black pigments is not clear. Therefore, the effect of manganese oxide content on the preparation of spinel-type black pigments from microwave-assisted calcination of stainless steel dust was studied in this work. The results show that with the increase in MnO content in the raw mixture, the crystal plane spacing of black pigments increases from 0.2525 nm to 0.2535 nm, the grain size grows from 61.4619 nm to 79.7171 nm, and the lattice constant grows from 0.8377 to 0.8406 nm. Moreover, the band gap is decreased from 1.483 eV to 1.244 eV, the absorbance increases significantly and has a consistent absorbance in the visible range, and the L*, a* and b* values reduce from 41.8, 0.6, 1.6 to 32.0, 1.0, 0.8, respectively. MnO can react with the spinel in stainless steel dust, forming Mn3O4, MnCr2O4 and Ni (Fe,Cr)O4 in the system, with a regular polyhedral structure. The prepared pigments have excellent thermal stability at 1100 °C and good compatibility with transparent glazes, which can be adhered to the surface of ceramic tiles after calcination to demonstrate better compatibility as the content of MnO increases.