Preparation of some zinc chloride based deep eutectic solvents and their characterization

Sarjuna, K.; Ilangeswaran, D.

doi:10.1016/j.matpr.2020.02.080

Cited by 14 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…The n values for the TDESs presented in Table 4 range from 1.4244 to 1.4686, which fall in the typical range for (EG‐based) eutectic solvents 9,34 . For instance, Lapeña et al 4 .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 88%

“…A novel binary ZnCl 2 -based DES was reported with sugars such as glucose (GLU), fructose and lactic acid in 1:1 ratio by Sarjuna and Ilangeswaran. 9 An increased electrical conductivity of 0.06 mS cm −1 and decreased density of 1.002 g cm −3 were exhibited by ZnCl 2 -GLU, but ZnCl 2 -fructose showed lower viscosity of 1578.1 mPa s compared with that of ZnCl 2 -GLU of 2076 mPa s.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…conducted a study on ethylene glycol (EG)‐based DESs with various HBAs, where tetra‐ n ‐butylammonium bromide–EG had a lower density of 1.07 g cm −3 at 25 °C, lower viscosity of 177 cP at 20 °C and electrical conductivity of 1133 μS cm −1 at a molar ratio of 1:3. A novel binary ZnCl 2 ‐based DES was reported with sugars such as glucose (GLU), fructose and lactic acid in 1:1 ratio by Sarjuna and Ilangeswaran 9 . An increased electrical conductivity of 0.06 mS cm −1 and decreased density of 1.002 g cm −3 were exhibited by ZnCl 2 –GLU, but ZnCl 2 –fructose showed lower viscosity of 1578.1 mPa s compared with that of ZnCl 2 –GLU of 2076 mPa s.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Thermophysical properties of novel ammonium‐based eutectic solvents with ethane‐1,2‐diol and ZnCl₂

Walvekar

Saputra²,

Khalid

et al. 2022

J of Chemical Tech & Biotech

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Background Deep eutectic solvents (DESs) are new types of tunable solvents that have attracted a large scientific community due to their versatile applications and attractive physical properties. Ammonium‐based solvents are widely used in desulfurization processes, but they are toxic and expensive. Thus, to replace the conventional ammonium‐based solvents, this work aims to synthesize novel ammonium–ethylene glycol (EG)‐based ternary DESs (TDESs). The thermophysical properties, such as viscosity, density, acidity, stability, degradation point, melting point, conductivity, refractivity and miscibility, were measured in this study. Results The TDESs were prepared using varying molar ratios ranging from 1:3 to 1:5 by combining a hydrogen bond donor (EG) with ZnCl2 and three ammonium‐based hydrogen bond acceptors, namely ethylammonium chloride, diethylammonium chloride and diethylethanolammonium chloride. It was found that most properties are significantly superior to those of the constituent components of the TDESs. Arrhenius and linear equation fittings with respect to temperatures ranging from 20 to 100 °C predict R2 values close to unity. The viscosity, pH and density decrease while electrical conductivity increases with increasing temperature. Conclusion Such interesting observations are mainly caused by the particles’ excitation phenomena that increase their kinetic energy and volume. Furthermore, the lower melting point of TDESs compared to the constituent components is attributed to the charge delocalization through hydrogen bonding between donor and acceptor molecules. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).

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“…The n values for the TDESs presented in Table 4 range from 1.4244 to 1.4686, which fall in the typical range for (EG‐based) eutectic solvents 9,34 . For instance, Lapeña et al 4 .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 88%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Thermophysical properties of novel ammonium‐based eutectic solvents with ethane‐1,2‐diol and ZnCl₂

Walvekar

Saputra²,

Khalid

et al. 2022

J of Chemical Tech & Biotech

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“…This is due to the partly ionic character of ZnCl 2 , and therefore, the high EG content in the complexes causes a decrease in the electron density at the Zn-Cl bond critical point. As a result, the Zn-Cl bond tends to dissociate in the ZnCl 2 -based DES resulting in high electrical conductivity compared to that of EG (Sarjuna and Ilangeswaran, 2020;Kalhor et al, 2021). The ZE DES used in this study has a freezing point lower than room temperature, making it suitable for a variety of room-temperature applications.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Zn-Based Deep Eutectic Solvent as the Stabilizing Electrolyte for Zn Metal Anode in Rechargeable Aqueous Batteries

Thorat

Mun

2022

Front. Chem.

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Owing to its low cost and high safety, metallic zinc has received considerable attention as an anode material for zinc aqueous batteries (ZIBs). However, the Zn metal instability as a result ultrafast of obstinate dendrite formation, free-water-induced parasite reactions, and corrosive electrolytes has detrimental effects on the implementation of ZIBs. We present an alternative stable electrolyte for ZIBs based on a zinc chloride/ethylene glycol deep eutectic solvent (DES). This electrolyte consists of abundant low-cost materials and a utilizable Zn2+ concentration of approximately 1 M. It combines the advantages of the aqueous and DES media to provide safe and reversible Zn plating/stripping with a two-fold increase in the cycling life compared to that of conventional aqueous electrolytes. With these advantages, the Zn symmetric cell operates at 0.2 mA cm−2 for 300 h. Due to its high efficiency and compositional versatility, this electrolyte enables the investigation of a non-aqueous electrolyte family for ZIBs that fulfill grid-scale electrical energy storage requirements.

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“…When eutectic behavior is observed and the data of pure substances are available, it is feasible to compute the activity coefficient in the liquid phase by using data collected in any solid–liquid equilibrium experiment. [ 38‐40 ] For estimation of the phase behavior of eutectic system, Jakob et al used the group contribution approaches UNIFAC and its enhanced modified version UNIFAC (Dortmund). Solid–liquid equilibrium data give extra supporting point for the fitting of parameter at low temperature and increasing the accuracy of the predicting system in this range.…”

Section: Computational Calculationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

An insight of novel eutectic mixture between thiazolidine‐2,4‐dione and zinc chloride: Temperature‐dependent density functional theory approach

Singh

Kumar

Jain

et al. 2021

J of Physical Organic Chem

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Deep eutectic solvents (DESs) are the mixture of a hydrogen bond donor (HBD) and a hydrogen bond acceptor (HBA) in a particular equivalent ratio. They gained popularity because of low melting point and green (non‐toxic) in nature. DESs showed promising ability as solvents and found to be better than traditional organic solvents and ionic liquids. They are being explored solvents in organic synthesis, substance dissolution, corrosion inhibition, biofuel generation, SO2/CO2 absorption, and extraction. In the present work, thioazolidine‐2,4‐dione (T) is taken as hydrogen bond donor, and zinc chloride (Z) is taken as hydrogen bond acceptor. Nine DESs are created using T and Z having different equivalent ratio. Further, they were studied using density functional theory (DFT) approach in gaseous state at different temperatures. T4Z1 found to most soluble in water as the dipole moment is maximum. Free energy of T1Z4 found to be least so may be most stable among all. Further, on changing the temperature from 298 to 323 K and then to 348 K, thermodynamic parameters are determined. Further, the change in free energy for the formation of the DESs are calculated in Hartree per particle as well in kcal/mol. At 298 K, the change in free energy for the formation of T2Z3 is minimum and indicates it feasibility or spontaneity at this temperature. But at temperature of 323 K, T1Z4 and T2Z3 are found to be same. Further, on increasing temperature to 348 K, the change in free energy for T1Z4 and T2Z3 is same and minimum. It means on changing the temperature, the spontaneity for the formation of DES changes. Based on the method of Jakob et al., it can be seen that the temperature changes with the change in composition, that is, the ratio of HBD and HBA. The composition of HBD and HBA is 1:2 and is called deep eutectic mixture as the melting temperature observed is least. There is not a complete agreement between the results obtained by DFT calculations and Jakob et al method.

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Preparation of some zinc chloride based deep eutectic solvents and their characterization

Cited by 14 publications

References 28 publications

Thermophysical properties of novel ammonium‐based eutectic solvents with ethane‐1,2‐diol and ZnCl₂

Thermophysical properties of novel ammonium‐based eutectic solvents with ethane‐1,2‐diol and ZnCl₂

Zn-Based Deep Eutectic Solvent as the Stabilizing Electrolyte for Zn Metal Anode in Rechargeable Aqueous Batteries

An insight of novel eutectic mixture between thiazolidine‐2,4‐dione and zinc chloride: Temperature‐dependent density functional theory approach

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Preparation of some zinc chloride based deep eutectic solvents and their characterization

Cited by 14 publications

References 28 publications

Thermophysical properties of novel ammonium‐based eutectic solvents with ethane‐1,2‐diol and ZnCl2

Thermophysical properties of novel ammonium‐based eutectic solvents with ethane‐1,2‐diol and ZnCl2

Zn-Based Deep Eutectic Solvent as the Stabilizing Electrolyte for Zn Metal Anode in Rechargeable Aqueous Batteries

An insight of novel eutectic mixture between thiazolidine‐2,4‐dione and zinc chloride: Temperature‐dependent density functional theory approach

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Product

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Thermophysical properties of novel ammonium‐based eutectic solvents with ethane‐1,2‐diol and ZnCl₂

Thermophysical properties of novel ammonium‐based eutectic solvents with ethane‐1,2‐diol and ZnCl₂